Lecturer: Today's topic is bioluminescence, the production of light by living organisms.
Bugungi mavzu — biolyuminessensiya, ya'ni tirik organizmlar tomonidan yorug'lik ishlab chiqarish.
Lecturer: It's astonishingly common in the ocean. By some estimates, up to ninety per cent of deep-sea creatures can produce their own light.
U okeanda hayratlanarli darajada keng tarqalgan. Ba'zi baholarga ko'ra, chuqur dengiz jonzotlarining 90 foizigacha o'z yorug'ligini ishlab chiqara oladi.
Lecturer: The light comes from a chemical reaction involving a molecule called luciferin, which, when combined with oxygen, releases energy as light rather than heat. This is why biologists call it 'cold light' — almost none of the energy is wasted as heat.
Yorug'lik lyutsiferin (luciferin) degan molekula ishtirokidagi kimyoviy reaksiyadan kelib chiqadi; u kislorod bilan birlashganda energiyani issiqlik emas, yorug'lik sifatida chiqaradi. Shuning uchun biologlar uni 'sovuq yorug'lik' deyishadi — energiyaning deyarli hech qismi issiqlik sifatida behuda ketmaydi.
Lecturer: Organisms use bioluminescence for three main purposes. The first is defence: some squid eject a cloud of glowing liquid to confuse predators, much as an octopus uses ink.
Organizmlar biolyuminessensiyani uch asosiy maqsadda ishlatadi. Birinchisi — himoya: ba'zi kalmarlar yirtqichlarni chalg'itish uchun yaltiroq suyuqlik (liquid) bulutini chiqaradi, xuddi sakkizoyoq siyoh ishlatgani kabi.
Lecturer: The second purpose is to attract prey. The anglerfish, for example, dangles a glowing lure in front of its mouth.
Ikkinchi maqsad — o'ljani jalb qilish. Masalan, angler-baliq og'zi oldida yaltiroq hilpiraydigan tuzoq (lure) osiltirib turadi.
Lecturer: And the third is communication, particularly to find a mate in the darkness. Interestingly, most of this light is blue-green, because that colour travels furthest through seawater.
Uchinchisi — muloqot, ayniqsa zulmatda juft topish. Qizig'i, bu yorug'likning ko'p qismi ko'k-yashil (blue-green), chunki bu rang dengiz suvida eng uzoqqa boradi.
