SAT R&W 12: The Signal Words That Decide the Blank (but, because, although, and)

O'qish So'z ma'nosi kontekstda (Words in Context) 3-dars, jami 7
Shu mavzudagi darslar · 3/7
  1. SAT R&W 10: Words in Context — The Two Shapes: Fill the Blank and “Most Nearly Means”
  2. SAT R&W 11: Read the Sentence, Not the Word — Predicting Before You Look
  3. SAT R&W 12: The Signal Words That Decide the Blank (but, because, although, and)
  4. 4 SAT R&W 13: “Most Nearly Means” — Common Words With Uncommon Uses
  5. 5 SAT R&W 14: The Vocabulary Trap — The Impressive Word Is Bait, Not a Signal
  6. 6 SAT R&W 15: Second Meanings in Literature and History Passages
  7. 7 SAT R&W 16: Words in Context — Mixed Practice Under Time

Gapning yo'nalishini ko'rsatadigan so'zlar

11-darsda bashorat qilishni o'rgandik. Endi savol: bashoratni nimadan olamiz? Javob deyarli har doim bitta — matndagi signal so'zlardan.

Signal so'z — gapning yo'nalishini aytadigan kichik so'z: but, because, although, and. Ular mavzuni bilishni talab qilmaydi. Termitlar, rif, temir yo'l — farqi yo'q: but ko'rsangiz, yo'nalish o'zgaradi, mavzu qanday bo'lishidan qat'i nazar.

⏱ Signal topilsa: ~25 soniya

Uch oila

🟢 Bir yo'nalish — bo'sh joy atrofdagi ma'noni TAKRORLAYDI

and · also · moreover · furthermore · indeed · in fact · similarly · likewise · that is · in other words

Bu signallardan keyin bo'sh joy oldingi fikrning o'sha tomonida turadi. Bashorat: yaqin atrofdagi biror so'zning sinonimi.

🔴 Qarama-qarshilik — bo'sh joy ma'noni AG'DARADI

but · however · yet · although · though · while · whereas · despite · in spite of · nevertheless · nonetheless · rather than · far from · on the contrary · unlike

Bu eng ko'p ishlatiladigan oila. Bashorat: yaqin atrofdagi biror so'zning antonimi.

🔵 Sabab va natija — bo'sh joy MANTIQIY DAVOMI

because · since · as · therefore · thus · so · hence · consequently · as a result · which is why

Bashorat: sababdan kelib chiqadigan natija (yoki aksincha). Bu oilada bo'sh joy ko'pincha «shuning uchun mantiqan shunday bo'ladi» degan so'zni talab qiladi.

📌 Eslatma: Bu ro'yxatlarni yodlash shart emas. Faqat uchta savolni so'rashni odat qiling: bir xilmi? qarama-qarshimi? sabab-natijami?

Tinish belgilari ham signal

SAT matnlarida uchta belgi signal so'z bilan bir xil kuchga ega, va ular ko'pincha e'tibordan chetda qoladi:

BelgiNima deydiBashorat
: (ikki nuqta)«endi tushuntiraman»Keyingi qism bo'sh joyning ta'rifi
; (nuqtali vergul)«yana o'sha haqda»Ikki tomon bir xil yo'nalishda (ba'zan qarama-qarshi)
— (tire)«boshqacha aytganda»Keyingi qism bo'sh joyni qayta aytadi
💡 Maslahat: Amaliy tartib: bo'sh joyli savolni ochganingizda ko'zingiz birinchi navbatda shu belgilarni va signal so'zlarni qidirsin. Ko'p savolda matnning yarmini o'qimasdanoq bashorat tayyor bo'ladi.

Ishlangan namuna

For most of the twentieth century, planners treated a city street as a channel for moving vehicles, and its success was measured in traffic volume. Recent design guidance reverses the emphasis: it treats the street as a place where people stop, and measures success by how long they stay. Far from being a minor adjustment, this is a of what a street is for.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

  1. confirmation
  2. redefinition
  3. simplification
  4. postponement

Signalni toping: Far from being a minor adjustment — qarama-qarshilik oilasidan, va juda kuchlisi. «Kichik tuzatish emas» degani — bo'sh joyga kichik tuzatishning aksi kerak: katta, tubdan o'zgarish.

Ikkinchi isbot: reverses the emphasis — «urg'uni teskari qiladi». Bashorat: «qayta belgilash».

TO‘G‘RIredefinition — «qaytadan ta'riflash» — a minor adjustmentning aniq aksi, va reverses the emphasis hamda what a street is for (ko'chaning maqsadi) buni tasdiqlaydi.
TUZOQconfirmation — «tasdiq» — teskari yo'nalish. Yangi qo'llanma eski qarashni tasdiqlamayapti, uni ag'daryapti.
TUZOQsimplification — «soddalashtirish» — o'zgarishning kattaligi emas, turi haqida, va matn hech qayerda soddalashtirish demaydi. Yangi yondashuv soddaroq ham emas.
TUZOQpostponement — «kechiktirish» — matnda vaqt bo'yicha kechiktirish yo'q. Recent so'ziga ilinib qolgan so'z-tuzoq.

The Arctic tern breeds close to the North Pole and spends the northern winter near Antarctica; tracking devices have put the round trip beyond seventy thousand kilometres in some years. Because the bird follows looping routes shaped by prevailing winds instead of flying straight, its actual path is considerably than the distance between its two homes.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

Although the printing press is usually credited with spreading new ideas, its earliest and largest output was thoroughly material: indulgences, calendars, Latin grammars and editions of texts that had circulated in manuscript for centuries. The novelty lay in the quantity, not in the content.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

The octopus has a talent that its own eyes appear unable to support: the animal matches the colour of its background almost instantly, yet its retinas carry only one kind of light-sensitive pigment, which should make it colour-blind. Researchers have since found pigments of the same family in the skin itself. The finding does not show that an octopus sees with its skin, but it makes the animal's colour matching rather less than it had seemed.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

A census counts people, but it also creates categories; the boxes it offers the population it claims merely to describe. When a national form first added a box for people of more than one background, the number of such people did not suddenly rise. The number who could say so did.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

Malika's teacher returned the essay with a single line at the bottom, and Malika read it four times before she understood that it was praise. The remark noted, rather than corrected, the place where the argument had : the teacher had seen the gap and left it there, as an invitation.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

Signalni topolmaganda

Ba'zan gapda ochiq signal so'z ham, foydali tinish belgisi ham bo'lmaydi. Bunday holatda ikkita zaxira usul bor:

  • Ma'no takrorini qidiring. SAT matnlari qisqa, shuning uchun ular fikrni boshqa so'zlar bilan takrorlashga majbur. Bo'sh joyning javobi ko'pincha matnning boshqa joyida boshqa ibora bilan aytilgan.
  • Faqat «+» yoki «−» ni aniqlang. Bo'sh joyga ijobiy ma'no kerakmi yoki salbiy? Bu ko'pincha ikki variantni darrov o'chiradi, qolgan ikkitasini esa sinchiklab solishtirasiz.
⚠️ Tuzoq: and har doim ham «bir yo'nalish» degani emas: simple and effective — bir yo'nalish, lekin cheap and yet durable da yet yo'nalishni buradi. Signal so'zni ko'rish kifoya emas — u qaysi ikki fikrni bog'layotganini tekshiring.

Kalit so'zlar — Key vocabulary

far from ~
~ o'rniga, aksincha (kuchli qarshilik signali)
rather than
~ emas, balki (qarshilik signali)
merely
faqatgina, shunchaki
conventional
an'anaviy, odatdagi
to falter
oqsamoq, uzilib qolmoq
puzzling
hayron qoldiradigan, tushunarsiz
prevailing winds
hukmron shamollar
to reverse the emphasis
urg'uni teskari qilmoq

Xulosa

  • Uch savol: bir xilmi? qarama-qarshimi? sabab-natijami?
  • but · however · although · yet · rather than · far from — yo'nalishni ag'daradi.
  • because · therefore · thus · as a result — mantiqiy davomini talab qiladi.
  • : tushuntiradi · ; davom ettiradi · — qayta aytadi.
  • Signal yo'q bo'lsa: ma'no takrorini qidiring yoki faqat «+/−» ni aniqlang.
Rivojlanishni kuzatish uchun kiring
Oldingi SAT R&W 11: Read the Sentence, Not the Word — Predicting Before You Look
Keyingi SAT R&W 13: “Most Nearly Means” — Common Words With Uncommon Uses
So'z ma'nosi kontekstda (Words in Context)
  1. SAT R&W 10: Words in Context — The Two Shapes: Fill the Blank and “Most Nearly Means”
  2. SAT R&W 11: Read the Sentence, Not the Word — Predicting Before You Look
  3. SAT R&W 12: The Signal Words That Decide the Blank (but, because, although, and)
  4. 4 SAT R&W 13: “Most Nearly Means” — Common Words With Uncommon Uses
  5. 5 SAT R&W 14: The Vocabulary Trap — The Impressive Word Is Bait, Not a Signal
  6. 6 SAT R&W 15: Second Meanings in Literature and History Passages
  7. 7 SAT R&W 16: Words in Context — Mixed Practice Under Time