SAT R&W 23: Structure Words as Signposts (however, in fact, for instance, ultimately)

O'qish Matn tuzilishi va maqsadi (Text Structure and Purpose) 4-dars, jami 5
Shu mavzudagi darslar · 4/5
  1. SAT R&W 20: Overall Structure vs Main Purpose — Two Different Questions
  2. SAT R&W 21: Naming the Shape of a Text
  3. SAT R&W 22: The Function of One Underlined Sentence
  4. SAT R&W 23: Structure Words as Signposts (however, in fact, for instance, ultimately)
  5. 5 SAT R&W 24: Text Structure and Purpose — Mixed Practice

Yo'l ko'rsatkichlari

12-darsda signal so'zlar bo'sh joyning ma'nosini ochishini ko'rdik. Endi o'sha so'zlarning ikkinchi ishini o'rganamiz: ular keyingi jumlaning vazifasini ham oldindan aytadi.

Bu Text Structure and Purpose uchun juda qulay. Tuzilish savoli «qaysi harakat qaysidan keyin keladi» deb so'raydi — va aynan shu kichik so'zlar har harakatni o'z nomi bilan atab turibdi.

📝 Namuna:

The technique was widely adopted. In fact, …
In fact ni ko'rgan zahoti bilasiz: keyingi jumla oldingisini kuchaytiradi va ehtimol kutilmagan darajaga olib chiqadi. Jumlani o'qishdan oldin uning vazifasini bilib oldingiz.

⏱ ~45 soniya

Ko'rsatkichlar lug'ati

So'zKeyingi jumla nima qiladi
however · but · yet · by contrastYo'nalishni buradi — odatda matnning burilish nuqtasi
in fact · indeedOldingisini kuchaytiradi, ko'pincha kutilmagan darajaga
for instance · for example · considerMisol keltiradi — ya'ni oldingi jumla umumiy da'vo edi
admittedly · to be sure · it is true thatE'tirozni tan oladi — va deyarli har doim keyin but keladi
ultimately · in the end · finallyYakuniy xulosa yoki natija
that said · still · even soAytilganini qisman orqaga qaytaradi
in short · in other words · that isQayta ifodalaydi — yangi ma'lumot yo'q
more importantly · cruciallyMuallif o'z asosiy fikrini shu yerda aytyapti
💡 Maslahat: admittedly va to be sure — imtihonning eng foydali ikki so'zi. Ular «hozir men o'zimga qarshi gapiraman, lekin bu vaqtincha» degani. Ulardan keyingi jumla hech qachon matnning asosiy fikri bo'lmaydi — asosiy fikr undan keyingi but dan keyin keladi.

Ko'rsatkichlarni xaritaga aylantirish

Amaliy usul: matnni o'qiyotib faqat ko'rsatkichlarni ketma-ket yozib chiqing (xayolan). Ular matnning skeletini beradi:

📝 Namuna:

«Da'vo … For instance, … Admittedly, … But … Ultimately, …»

Skelet: da'vo → misol → e'tirof → e'tirozni rad etish → xulosa. Matnning mavzusini bilmasangiz ham tuzilish javobini yozib bera olasiz.

⚠️ Tuzoq: Ko'rsatkichsiz jumlalar ham vazifaga ega — SAT har jumlaga ko'rsatkich qo'ymaydi. Ko'rsatkich borida undan foydalaning; yo'qida 22-darsdagi o'chirish sinoviga qayting.

Ishlangan namuna

Handwriting is disappearing from primary curricula, and the arguments for keeping it are usually sentimental. Admittedly, the case for cursive in particular is weak: almost nobody now writes at length by hand. But experiments in which students take notes by hand and by laptop keep producing the same result on tests of understanding, and the explanation offered is that writing by hand is slow enough to force a choice about what is worth recording.

Which choice best describes the overall structure of the text?

  1. It reports a trend, concedes a point to those who support it, and then gives evidence that complicates the case for it.
  2. It argues that cursive handwriting should be restored to the curriculum.
  3. It compares the note-taking habits of two groups of students in detail.
  4. It explains why handwriting was originally included in primary curricula.

Ko'rsatkichlarni sanaymiz: Admittedly → e'tirof; But → burilish. Ikkovi birga skeletni beradi.

Skelet: tendensiya bor → «rost, sizniki ham to'g'ri» → lekin dalil boshqa narsani ko'rsatadi.

TO‘G‘RIIt reports a trend, concedes a point to those who support it, and then gives evidence that complicates the case for it — uchala harakat ham ko'rsatkichlar bilan belgilangan: tendensiya (is disappearing), e'tirof (Admittedly), dalil (But … keep producing the same result).
TUZOQIt argues that cursive handwriting should be restored to the curriculum — Admittedly dan keyingi jumla aynan buning teskarisini aytadi: the case for cursive in particular is weak. E'tirof jumlasini matnning fikri deb o'qish — bu turdagi eng ko'p uchraydigan xato.
TUZOQIt compares the note-taking habits of two groups of students in detail — yarim to'g'ri: tajribalar eslatilgan. Lekin in detail yo'q — bitta jumla, va gap odatlar haqida emas, natijalar haqida.
TUZOQIt explains why handwriting was originally included in primary curricula — kelib chiqish tarixi umuman muhokama qilinmaydi.

Solar panels lose efficiency as they heat up, which is why a cool bright day produces more power than a hot one. For instance, an array in a mountain village may outperform an identical array in a desert with more hours of sun. Ultimately the siting decision turns on temperature as much as on sunlight, and the maps used by early installers, which showed only sunlight, sent equipment to the wrong places for years.

Which choice best describes the overall structure of the text?

Machine translation now handles routine business correspondence well enough that many firms have stopped paying for it. Admittedly, the output still needs a reader who knows both languages. That said, the reader's job has changed from writing to checking, and checking is faster. The work that has actually vanished is not translation but the junior post in which translators used to learn the trade.

What is the main purpose of the underlined sentence?

A city council votes on a budget line for street trees. Indeed, the sums involved are so small that the item usually passes without discussion. Ultimately, though, those trees determine which streets are walkable in July, and in a city where summer temperatures now exceed forty degrees for weeks at a time, that is not a small matter.

Which choice best describes the overall structure of the text?

Reintroducing a predator to a landscape is usually justified by pointing to the deer it will remove. In fact the change ecologists now emphasise is often to the deer's behaviour rather than to their number: animals that are hunted stop lingering in open valleys, and the young trees there begin to recover. Ultimately the visible result is a change in the vegetation, produced by an animal most visitors never see.

Which choice best describes the overall structure of the text?

Kalit so'zlar — Key vocabulary

admittedly
tan olish kerak, rost (e'tirof signali)
that said
shunga qaramay, ammo
indeed / in fact
haqiqatan ham (kuchaytirish signali)
ultimately
oxir-oqibat, pirovardida
to concede a point
bir masalada yon bermoq
to complicate the case for ~
~ foydasidagi dalilni qiyinlashtirmoq
to draw out a consequence
oqibatini chiqarib ko'rsatmoq
to outperform
undan yaxshiroq natija bermoq

Xulosa

  • Ko'rsatkich so'z keyingi jumlaning vazifasini oldindan aytadi.
  • Matnni o'qiyotib faqat ko'rsatkichlarni ketma-ket ayting — bu matnning skeleti.
  • Admittedly / to be sure dan keyingi jumla hech qachon asosiy fikr emas.
  • Ultimately, in the end — matnning xulosasi shu yerda.
  • Ko'rsatkich yo'q bo'lsa — o'chirish sinoviga qayting (22-dars).
Rivojlanishni kuzatish uchun kiring
Oldingi SAT R&W 22: The Function of One Underlined Sentence
Keyingi SAT R&W 24: Text Structure and Purpose — Mixed Practice
Matn tuzilishi va maqsadi (Text Structure and Purpose)
  1. SAT R&W 20: Overall Structure vs Main Purpose — Two Different Questions
  2. SAT R&W 21: Naming the Shape of a Text
  3. SAT R&W 22: The Function of One Underlined Sentence
  4. SAT R&W 23: Structure Words as Signposts (however, in fact, for instance, ultimately)
  5. 5 SAT R&W 24: Text Structure and Purpose — Mixed Practice