GMAT Verbal 10: Anatomy of an Argument — Conclusion, Premises, Background

O'qish Critical Reasoning: argument tuzilishi 1-dars, jami 4
Shu mavzudagi darslar · 1/4
  1. GMAT Verbal 10: Anatomy of an Argument — Conclusion, Premises, Background
  2. 2 GMAT Verbal 11: The Gap — Finding What the Argument Assumes
  3. 3 GMAT Verbal 12: Weaken and Strengthen — Attacking and Supporting the Gap
  4. 4 GMAT Verbal 13: Critical Reasoning — Mixed Practice I

Argument nimadan iborat?

Har bir Critical Reasoning savolining poydevori bitta koʻnikma: argumentni qismlarga ajratish. Xulosa — muallif sizni nimaga ishontirmoqchi. Dalil (premise) — u nimaga tayanadi. Fon — vaziyatni tushuntiradi, lekin hech narsani isbotlamaydi. Baʼzan argumentda tan olingan qarshi fikr ham boʻladi: «Although…», «Admittedly…».

⏱ Xulosa savoli — ~1.5 daqiqa

Usul: «nima uchun?» testi

1. Gaplardan birini «xulosa» deb taxmin qiling.

2. Qolgan gaplarning har biri «nima uchun?» degan savolga javob beradimi? Bersa — ular dalil, taxminingiz toʻgʻri.

3. Signal soʻzlar: therefore, so, thus, clearly, should — koʻpincha xulosa; because, since, given that, for — dalil; although, admittedly, despite — tan olingan qarshi fikr.

4. Ehtiyot boʻling: «so» oraliq xulosani ham boshlashi mumkin — u yana kattaroq xulosaga dalil boʻlib xizmat qiladi.

Ishlangan namuna

The city should not build the proposed parking garage downtown. The garage would encourage more people to drive into the city centre, so traffic downtown would get worse. And worse traffic would undo the progress the city has made in reducing air pollution.

«so traffic downtown would get worse» — «so» bilan boshlanadi, lekin bu oraliq xulosa: u oʻzi «nima uchun garaj qurmaslik kerak?» savoliga javob beradi. Asosiy xulosa — birinchi gap: The city should not build the proposed parking garage downtown.

💡 Maslahat: Asosiy xulosa koʻpincha tavsiya («should») yoki baho («has failed», «is a mistake») shaklida boʻladi, va u argumentning boshida ham turishi mumkin.

Despite its higher price, the electric delivery van will save our company money. Its fuel and maintenance costs are about half those of our diesel vans, and over the eight years we usually keep a van, those savings exceed the difference in purchase price.

Which of the following best states the main conclusion of the argument?

⏱ ~2 daqiqa

The bank's new mobile app has been downloaded by fewer than 5 percent of its customers. Clearly, the marketing campaign for the app has failed, since the campaign's stated goal was to have 20 percent of customers using the app within six months, and those six months are over.

Which of the following best states the main conclusion of the argument?

⏱ ~2 daqiqa

Some managers argue that open-plan offices improve teamwork. However, a two-year study at a large insurance firm found that after it moved to an open-plan office, face-to-face conversations between employees fell by about 70 percent. So open-plan offices may reduce, rather than increase, the interaction that teamwork depends on.

The study at the insurance firm plays which of the following roles in the argument?

⏱ ~2 daqiqa

The city should not build the proposed parking garage downtown. The garage would encourage more people to drive into the city centre, so traffic downtown would get worse. And worse traffic would undo the progress the city has made in reducing air pollution.

Which of the following best states the main conclusion of the argument?

⏱ ~2 daqiqa

Although the new training program costs more per employee than the old one, the firm should adopt it. In a trial, employees who completed the new program made 40 percent fewer errors, and each error costs the firm far more to fix than the extra training costs.

The statement that the new program costs more per employee functions in the argument as

⏱ ~2 daqiqa

Tuzoqlar

⚠️ Tuzoq: Eng koʻp tanlanadigan xato — oraliq xulosa yoki eng ishonchli dalilni asosiy xulosa deb olish. Ikkinchi xato — matndan tashqariga chiquvchi «yaxshi» tavsiya («should end the campaign»).
📌 Eslatma: Oʻzbek tilida xulosa koʻpincha gap oxirida keladi, shuning uchun bizda «oxirgi gap — xulosa» degan odat bor. GMATʼda xulosa boshida, oʻrtasida yoki oxirida boʻlishi mumkin — joyiga emas, roliga qarang.

Kalit soʻzlar

main conclusion
asosiy xulosa
intermediate conclusion
oraliq xulosa
premise
dalil
concession
tan olingan qarshi fikr
background
fon maʼlumoti
role
vazifa, rol

Xulosa

  • Xulosa — «nimaga ishontirmoqchi?»; dalil — «nima uchun?».
  • Signal soʻzlar yordam beradi, lekin «so» oraliq xulosani ham boshlaydi.
  • «Although / despite» — tan olingan qarshi fikr.
  • Xulosa matnning istalgan joyida boʻlishi mumkin.
Rivojlanishni kuzatish uchun kiring
Keyingi GMAT Verbal 11: The Gap — Finding What the Argument Assumes
Critical Reasoning: argument tuzilishi
  1. GMAT Verbal 10: Anatomy of an Argument — Conclusion, Premises, Background
  2. 2 GMAT Verbal 11: The Gap — Finding What the Argument Assumes
  3. 3 GMAT Verbal 12: Weaken and Strengthen — Attacking and Supporting the Gap
  4. 4 GMAT Verbal 13: Critical Reasoning — Mixed Practice I