GMAT Verbal 11: The Gap — Finding What the Argument Assumes

O'qish Critical Reasoning: argument tuzilishi 2-dars, jami 4

Shu mavzudagi darslar · 2/4

GMAT Verbal 10: Anatomy of an Argument — Conclusion, Premises, Background
GMAT Verbal 11: The Gap — Finding What the Argument Assumes
3 GMAT Verbal 12: Weaken and Strengthen — Attacking and Supporting the Gap
4 GMAT Verbal 13: Critical Reasoning — Mixed Practice I

Argument nimani aytmay qoʻyadi?

Har bir argumentda dalil va xulosa orasida boʻshliq bor — muallif oʻzi isbotlamagan, lekin toʻgʻri deb hisoblayotgan narsa. Bu yashirin taxmin (assumption). «The argument depends on which of the following assumptions?» savoli aynan shu boʻshliqni soʻraydi.

⏱ Taxmin savoli — ~2 daqiqa

Usul: inkor qilish testi

1. Xulosa va dalilni yozing. Dalilda boʻlmagan, lekin xulosada paydo boʻlgan yangi tushunchani toping.

2. Boʻshliqni oʻz soʻzingiz bilan ayting: «muallif X va Y bir xil deb hisoblayapti».

3. Variantni inkor qiling. Inkor qilingan variant bilan argument yiqilsa — bu zaruriy taxmin.

4. Juda kuchli variantlardan saqlaning: taxmin odatda «hech boʻlmaganda», «asosan» kabi yumshoq boʻladi.

Ishlangan namuna

A city plans to reduce the number of accidents at a busy intersection by installing a traffic light there. Most accidents at the intersection happen when drivers misjudge the gaps in oncoming traffic.

Xulosa — svetofor avariyalarni kamaytiradi. Dalil — avariyalar haydovchilar boʻshliqni notoʻgʻri baholaganda boʻladi. Boʻshliq: svetofor boʻlsa, haydovchilar boʻshliqni baholamaydi — ular svetoforga boʻysunsa. Variant «Drivers will generally obey the traffic light» — inkor qilsak: «haydovchilar svetoforga boʻysunmaydi» → reja ishlamaydi. Demak bu zaruriy taxmin.

💡 Maslahat: Inkor qilishda variantning eng kichik qarama-qarshisini oling: «generally obey» → «generally do not obey», «never obey» emas.

A bakery in Samarkand plans to raise the price of its bread by 10 percent in order to increase its revenue from bread. The bakery's managers point out that even after the increase, its bread will still be cheaper than that of other bakeries nearby.

The managers' plan to increase revenue depends on which of the following assumptions?

⏱ ~2 daqiqa

The other bakeries nearby will not lower their prices. Customers prefer this bakery's bread to that of the other bakeries. The bakery's costs of making bread will not rise. The price increase will not cause the bakery to sell so much less bread that its revenue from bread falls. Most of the bakery's customers buy bread every day.

Employees at Firm X who work from home two days a week report higher job satisfaction than those who work in the office every day. Therefore, if Firm X allowed all its employees to work from home two days a week, their job satisfaction would rise.

The argument depends on which of the following assumptions?

⏱ ~2 daqiqa

Employees who work in the office every day are dissatisfied with their jobs. The employees who work from home two days a week were not already more satisfied with their jobs before they began doing so. Firm X's competitors already allow employees to work from home. Working from home reduces the cost of running the office. Job satisfaction is the most important factor in productivity.

The city's plan depends on which of the following assumptions?

⏱ ~2 daqiqa

No accidents will happen at the intersection after the light is installed. The traffic light will be installed within a year. Other intersections in the city have fewer accidents. Drivers will generally obey the traffic light. Traffic lights are expensive to install.

Attendance at the city museum fell last year. The museum's director concludes that the admission fee introduced at the start of last year caused the fall.

The director's conclusion depends on which of the following assumptions?

⏱ ~2 daqiqa

The admission fee is higher than the fees at other museums. Attendance did not fall mainly because of some other change, such as a reduction in the number of exhibitions. Attendance will rise again if the fee is removed. The museum's costs rose last year. Most visitors complained about the fee.

The number of applications to the university's business program rose by 30 percent this year. The admissions office concludes that the program has become more popular among students.

The admissions office's conclusion depends on which of the following assumptions?

⏱ ~2 daqiqa

The quality of the program improved this year. The business program is the university's largest program. The rise in applications does not mostly reflect each student applying to more programs than in previous years. Most of the applicants will be admitted. Applications to the university's other programs fell this year.

Tuzoqlar

⚠️ Tuzoq: Juda kuchli variant («No accidents will happen…») — argument bunchalik koʻp narsaga muhtoj emas. Xarajat varianti — reja qimmat boʻlishi uning ishlamasligini koʻrsatmaydi. Kuchaytiruvchi, lekin zaruriy emas variant — inkor qilinganda argument baribir turadi.

📌 Eslatma: Assumption va strengthen savollari oʻxshaydi, lekin farq bor: taxmin zarur (inkori argumentni yiqitadi), kuchaytiruvchi esa faqat yordam beradi. Inkor qilish testi aynan shu farqni ajratadi.