GMAT Verbal 12: Weaken and Strengthen — Attacking and Supporting the Gap

O'qish Critical Reasoning: argument tuzilishi 3-dars, jami 4

Shu mavzudagi darslar · 3/4

GMAT Verbal 10: Anatomy of an Argument — Conclusion, Premises, Background
GMAT Verbal 11: The Gap — Finding What the Argument Assumes
GMAT Verbal 12: Weaken and Strengthen — Attacking and Supporting the Gap
4 GMAT Verbal 13: Critical Reasoning — Mixed Practice I

Boʻshliqqa hujum va boʻshliqni yopish

Oldingi darsda boʻshliqni topdik. Endi u bilan ishlaymiz: weaken savoli boʻshliqni kengaytiradigan yangi faktni, strengthen savoli uni yopadiganini soʻraydi. Ikkalasida ham «if true» degan iborani unutmang: variant toʻgʻri deb qabul qilinadi — uning rostligini muhokama qilmaysiz.

⏱ Weaken / strengthen — ~2 daqiqa

Toʻrt koʻp uchraydigan shakl

Boshqa sabab. «X dan keyin Y» — Y ni boshqa narsa keltirib chiqargan boʻlsa-chi? Weaken shunday ishlaydi; strengthen esa boshqa sababni yoʻqqa chiqaradi.

Taqqoslash guruhi. X boʻlmagan joyda Y ham boʻlmadi — kuchaytiradi; X boʻlmagan joyda ham Y boʻldi — zaiflashtiradi.

Vakillik. Soʻrovnoma yoki tajriba butun guruhni aks ettiradimi? Faqat shanba kungi xaridorlar — barcha xaridorlar emas.

Reja. Reja maqsadga yetadimi? Maqsadga yetishga toʻsqinlik qiladigan fakt — weaken; xarajat esa odatda emas.

Ishlangan namuna

To reduce the time customers spend waiting in line, a bank plans to open two more teller windows during lunchtime, when lines are longest.

Maqsad — kutish vaqtini qisqartirish. Reja — koʻproq kassa oynasi. Boʻshliq: kutish aynan kassa oynasida boʻladimi? Agar navbatning asosiy qismi hamma oʻtishi shart boʻlgan xavfsizlik nuqtasida boʻlsa, qoʻshimcha oynalar kutishni kamaytirmaydi — bu weaken. «Oynalar uchun qoʻshimcha kassir yollash kerak» esa rejaning narxi, maqsadga yetishini rad etmaydi.

💡 Maslahat: Reja savolida doim maqsadni bir jumlada yozing va har bir variantni «bu maqsadga yetishni toʻxtatadimi?» deb tekshiring.

Since a new manager arrived at the company's Andijan branch, the branch's monthly sales have risen by 15 percent. The regional director concludes that the new manager's leadership is responsible for the increase.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the director's conclusion?

⏱ ~2 daqiqa

During the same period, a large factory opened near the branch and the local population grew sharply. Employees at the branch say they like working with the new manager. Sales at the company's other branches did not change during the same period. The new manager has ten years of experience in retail banking. The new manager plans to hire two more salespeople next year.

A delivery company found that drivers who completed a defensive-driving course had 30 percent fewer accidents in the following year than drivers who did not. The company concludes that the course reduces accidents.

Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the company's conclusion?

⏱ ~2 daqiqa

Other companies offer similar courses to their drivers. Before the course, the drivers who later took it had about the same accident rate as the drivers who did not. The course takes two days to complete. Drivers who took the course were, on average, more experienced than those who did not. Some drivers who took the course still had accidents.

To reduce the time customers spend waiting in line, a bank branch in Tashkent plans to open two more teller windows during lunchtime, when its lines are longest.

Which of the following, if true, most strongly suggests that the bank's plan will NOT achieve its goal?

⏱ ~2 daqiqa

Lines at the bank are shortest in the early morning. Other banks in the area have more teller windows. Opening the extra windows will require hiring part-time tellers. Customers are often impatient at lunchtime. Most of the waiting time at lunchtime is spent at the single security desk that every customer must pass before reaching a teller.

In a survey of customers leaving our Chilonzor store on a Saturday, 85 percent said they would like the store to open on Sundays. So most of our customers want the store to open on Sundays.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?

⏱ ~2 daqiqa

Opening on Sundays would increase the store's costs. Customers who shop on Saturdays are much more likely than the store's weekday customers to prefer shopping at weekends. The survey asked customers only five questions. Some other stores in Tashkent already open on Sundays. The 85 percent figure is higher than the result of a similar survey last year.

When a supermarket moved its fresh bread from the back of the store to the entrance, sales of bread rose by 25 percent. The store's manager concludes that the new location caused the rise.

Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the manager's conclusion?

⏱ ~2 daqiqa

The manager had suggested moving the bread a year earlier. The bread is baked fresh every morning. Customers often buy bread together with milk. During the same period, the price of the bread and the number of shoppers at the store did not change. The store's sales of other products also rose by 25 percent during the same period.

Tuzoqlar

⚠️ Tuzoq: Teskari yoʻnalish — weaken soʻralganda kuchaytiruvchi variant (koʻpincha taqqoslash guruhi). Xarajat — reja savollarida. «Kimdir hali ham…» — «some drivers still had accidents» 30% kamayishni rad etmaydi.

📌 Eslatma: «If true» — variantning rostligini tekshirmang. Bizda koʻpchilik «bu rostmi?» deb shubha qiladi va vaqt yoʻqotadi. Variant toʻgʻri deb qabul qilinadi; savol faqat uning argumentga taʼsiri haqida.

Kalit soʻzlar

weaken

zaiflashtirmoq

strengthen

kuchaytirmoq

alternative cause

boshqa sabab

comparison group

taqqoslash guruhi

representative sample

vakil namuna

goal of the plan

rejaning maqsadi

Xulosa

Weaken — boʻshliqni kengaytiradi; strengthen — yopadi.
Boshqa sabab, taqqoslash guruhi, vakillik, rejaning maqsadi — toʻrt asosiy shakl.
Xarajat rejaning ishlamasligini koʻrsatmaydi.
«If true» — rostligini muhokama qilmang.

Rivojlanishni kuzatish uchun kiring

Oldingi GMAT Verbal 11: The Gap — Finding What the Argument Assumes

Keyingi GMAT Verbal 13: Critical Reasoning — Mixed Practice I

Critical Reasoning: argument tuzilishi

GMAT Verbal 10: Anatomy of an Argument — Conclusion, Premises, Background
GMAT Verbal 11: The Gap — Finding What the Argument Assumes
GMAT Verbal 12: Weaken and Strengthen — Attacking and Supporting the Gap
4 GMAT Verbal 13: Critical Reasoning — Mixed Practice I