Grammar bank · Grammatika bazasi

116 grammar patterns for IELTS — meaning, where it attaches, examples and the near-synonyms you keep mixing up.

Qanday ishlatiladi: bitta grammatikani qidirsangiz — yuqoridagi qidiruvdan yozing. Bir-biriga o‘xshash grammatikalarni solishtirish uchun “Ma’nosi bo‘yicha” ko‘rinishiga o‘ting: bir xil ma’noli barcha shakllar (masalan, hamma sabab grammatikalari) yonma-yon turadi. Har qatordagi “Batafsil” ni bosing — namunalar, farqi va tez-tez qilinadigan xatolar ochiladi.
Ko‘rinish
Turi bo‘yicha Ma’nosi bo‘yicha (sinonimlar)
Band daraja
Band 5 5 Band 5.5 15 Band 6 25 Band 6.5 31 Band 7 22 Band 7.5+ 18
Ma’no guruhi
Sabab — Cause 2 Natija — Result & consequence 3 Qarama-qarshilik — Contrast 5 Qarshi qo‘yish — Concession 3 Shart — Condition 8 Vaqt va ketma-ketlik — Time & sequence 15 Maqsad — Purpose 3 Qiyoslash — Comparison 7 O‘zgarish va tendensiya — Trend & change 2 Daraja va miqdor — Degree & quantity 10 Ehtiyotkor fikr — Hedging 5 Ta’kid — Emphasis 5 Misol keltirish — Exemplification 1 Umumlashtirish — Summarising 1 Ishora va o‘rin bosish — Reference 3 Sanash va qo‘shish — Listing & addition 4 Taxmin — Speculation 3 Majburiyat va ruxsat — Obligation 7 Imkoniyat — Possibility & ability 1 Ko‘chirma gap — Reported speech 2 Baho va munosabat — Attitude 1 Gap bo‘lagi — Sentence element 25
Grammatik turi
Zamonlar — Tenses & aspect 14 Modal fe’llar — Modals 12 Ergash gaplar — Clauses 12 Shart gaplar — Conditionals 11 Majhul nisbat va nominalizatsiya — Passive 8 Artikl va aniqlovchilar — Articles & determiners 11 Predloglar — Prepositions 11 Qiyoslash shakllari — Comparison 9 Fe’l qoliplari — Gerunds & infinitives 8 Bog‘lash vositalari — Linking & cohesion 12 Murakkab tuzilmalar — Advanced structures 8
5 / 116 shown Filtrlarni tozalash

Ehtiyotkor fikr — Hedging

5 ta
Grammatika Daraja Ma’nosi Qo‘shilishi Namuna O‘xshashlari
may / might / could (possibility) ★★★ 4 ehtimollik — «bo‘lishi mumkin» S + may/might/could + V Higher fuel taxes may discourage unnecessary car journeys. Yoqilg‘i solig‘ining oshirilishi keraksiz avtosafarlarni kamaytirishi mumkin. be likely to can / could / be able to
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

Uchalasi ham yalang‘och fe’l oladi. Ishonch darajasi: may (~50%) > might (~40%) > could (nazariy imkoniyat). O‘tmish uchun: may/might have + V3.

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

Band 7 ga chiqishning eng arzon yo‘li. Har bir dalilni «har doim shunday» deb emas, ehtimollik sifatida bering:

❌ Banning cars solves air pollution. → ✅ Banning cars in city centres may significantly reduce air pollution. — ikkinchisi tekshiruvchiga o‘ylab yozilgandek ko‘rinadi.

⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato

❌ Maybe governments should… — maybe og‘zaki. Insho uchun: may, possibly, it is possible that.

Namunalar

  • Higher fuel taxes may discourage unnecessary car journeys. Yoqilg‘i solig‘ining oshirilishi keraksiz avtosafarlarni kamaytirishi mumkin.
  • Such a policy might have unintended consequences for low-income families. Bunday siyosat kam ta’minlangan oilalar uchun kutilmagan oqibatlarga olib kelishi mumkin.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

To‘liq sahifasi
be likely to ★★★ 4 ehtimoli yuqori — «... bo‘lishi ehtimoli katta» S + be likely to + V · It is likely that + gap Cities with poor public transport are likely to suffer from congestion. Jamoat transporti yomon shaharlar tirbandlikdan aziyat chekishi ehtimoli katta. may / might / could (possibility) will tend to
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

be likely to + fe’l, yoki It is (highly/increasingly) likely that + to‘liq gap. Teskarisi: be unlikely to. Kuchaytirish: highly likely, far more likely.

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

Akademik yozuvda will ning eng yaxshi o‘rinbosari: bashoratni aytadi, lekin uni haqiqat sifatida da’vo qilmaydi. Task 2 xulosasi uchun tayyor qolip: Without decisive action, the problem is likely to worsen over the coming decades.

⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato

❌ It is likely to happen that… → ✅ It is likely that it will happen · yoki ✅ It is likely to happen. Ikkovini aralashtirmang.

Namunalar

  • Cities with poor public transport are likely to suffer from congestion. Jamoat transporti yomon shaharlar tirbandlikdan aziyat chekishi ehtimoli katta.
  • It is highly unlikely that these measures will succeed on their own. Bu choralar yolg‘iz o‘zi muvaffaqiyat qozonishi ehtimoli juda past.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

  • may / might / could (possibility) — may = ochiq ehtimol; be likely to = ehtimoli yuqori, o‘lchangan
  • will — will = qat’iy bashorat; be likely to = ehtiyotkor bashorat
  • tend to — tend to = hozirgi tendensiya (kuzatilgan); be likely to = kelajak ehtimoli
To‘liq sahifasi
tend to ★★★ 4 tendensiya — «odatda ... qiladi, moyil» S + tend to + V · There is a tendency for X to + V Wealthier countries tend to consume far more energy per capita. Boyroq davlatlar aholi jon boshiga ancha ko‘p energiya iste’mol qilishga moyil. be likely to in general / on the whole
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

tend to + fe’l · ot shakli: a tendency to/for. Kuchaytirish: tend to be far more…

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

Umumlashtirishni xavfsiz qiladi. Har qanday «people are…» gapini shu bilan yumshating:

❌ Young people are addicted to social media. → ✅ Young people tend to spend considerably more time on social media than older generations.

Task 1 da ham ishlaydi: Figures for both countries tended to fluctuate throughout the period.

Namunalar

  • Wealthier countries tend to consume far more energy per capita. Boyroq davlatlar aholi jon boshiga ancha ko‘p energiya iste’mol qilishga moyil.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

  • be likely to — tend to = kuzatilgan hozirgi moyillik; be likely to = kelajak ehtimoli
  • in general / on the whole — bular ravish; tend to esa fe’lning o‘ziga singadi
To‘liq sahifasi
it may well be that ★☆☆ 6 ehtiyotkor tan olish — «ehtimol, ... to‘g‘ridir» It may well be that + to‘liq gap It may well be that stricter penalties deter some offenders. Ehtimol, qattiqroq jazolar ba’zi huquqbuzarlarni qaytarar. may / might / could (possibility) admittedly
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

It may well be that + gap. Qisqaroq varianti: may well + fe’l (this may well explain…).

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

Discussion (both views) inshosida qarshi tomonni tan olish uchun elegant qolip: It may well be that online learning suits independent students; however, it cannot replace laboratory work.

Bir insho ichida bir marta ishlating — bu «bezak» qolip.

Namunalar

  • It may well be that stricter penalties deter some offenders. Ehtimol, qattiqroq jazolar ba’zi huquqbuzarlarni qaytarar.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

To‘liq sahifasi
would ★★★ 3 farazli natija va muloyimlik — «... bo‘lardi» S + would + V · S + would have + V3 Investing in rail networks would reduce road congestion considerably. Temir yo‘l tarmog‘iga sarmoya kiritish yo‘l tirbandligini sezilarli kamaytirardi. the second conditional will
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

would + yalang‘och fe’l (hozir/kelajak farazi) · would have + V3 (o‘tmish farazi). Speaking’da qisqaradi: I’d.

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

Ikki vazifasi IELTS uchun muhim:

  1. Taklifning natijasini aytish — Task 2 yechim qismining yuragi: Such a policy would encourage more people to cycle.
  2. Fikrni yumshatish — I would argue that… «men da’vo qilaman» dan ancha akademikroq.

⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato

❌ If governments would invest more, … → ✅ If governments invested more, … — if tarafida would kelmaydi.

Namunalar

  • Investing in rail networks would reduce road congestion considerably. Temir yo‘l tarmog‘iga sarmoya kiritish yo‘l tirbandligini sezilarli kamaytirardi.
  • I would argue that the benefits outweigh the drawbacks. Menimcha, foydasi kamchiligidan ustun keladi.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

  • the second conditional — second conditional aynan shu <i>would</i> ni <i>if</i>-gap bilan to‘ldiradi
  • will — will = haqiqiy bashorat; would = farazga bog‘liq natija
To‘liq sahifasi