the second conditional
xayoliy shart — «agar ... bo‘lganida, ... bo‘lardi» (hozir/kelajak)
Qanday yasaladi
If + past simple, would + V
If + past simple, asosiy gapda would / could / might + yalang‘och fe’l. Rasmiy uslubda be ning shakli were bo‘ladi: If the policy were adopted… (❌ was — Writing’da).
Namunalar — Examples
If universities lowered their fees, more students would enrol.
Agar universitetlar to‘lovni kamaytirsa, ko‘proq talaba o‘qishga kirardi.
If I were the mayor, I would invest in cycling infrastructure.
Agar men hokim bo‘lganimda, velosiped infratuzilmasiga sarmoya kiritardim.
Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi
Task 2 yechim qismining eng kuchli qolipi — taklifning natijasini ko‘rsatadi: If public transport were free, far fewer people would drive to work.
Speaking Part 3 dagi «What would happen if…» savollari ham aynan shu shaklni kutadi.
⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato
❌ If I would have more time, I would travel → ✅ If I had more time, I would travel. if tarafida hech qachon would yo‘q.
O‘xshash shakllar va farqi
| the first conditional | second = xayoliy/ehtimoli past; first = real ehtimol |
| the third conditional | second = hozir yoki kelajak; third = o‘tmish, o‘zgartirib bo‘lmaydi |
| would | second conditional — <i>would</i> ning shart bilan to‘ldirilgan shakli |
| if it were not for | «... bo‘lmaganida edi» — bitta omilga bog‘liq natija — bu — second/third conditional’ning «bitta omil» varianti |
Shu ma’nodagi boshqa grammatikalar — Shart — Condition
the zero conditional T2
the first conditional T2
the third conditional T5
the mixed conditional T6
unless T4
provided that / as long as T5
if it were not for T6
Hammasini jadvalda solishtirish