this / such + noun (referencing)
ishora bilan bog‘lash — «bu tendensiya, bunday choralar»
Band 7
Bog‘lash vositalari — Linking & cohesion
Ishora va o‘rin bosish — Reference
Akademik yozma — Academic writing
Qanday yasaladi
This/These/Such + summarising noun
this / these / such + umumlashtiruvchi ot: this trend, this shift, these measures, such policies, this phenomenon. ⚠️ Yolg‘iz This is… noaniq — otni albatta qo‘shing.
Namunalar — Examples
Cities have banned older vehicles. Such measures have cut emissions considerably.
Shaharlar eski transport vositalarini taqiqladi. Bunday choralar chiqindilarni sezilarli kamaytirdi.
Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi
Coherence & Cohesion bahosining eng kam ishlatiladigan quroli. Bog‘lovchi so‘z qo‘shmasdan xatboshilarni ulaydi va bir vaqtning o‘zida oldingi fikrni umumlashtiradi:
More families are moving to the suburbs. This trend has placed pressure on rural infrastructure.
⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato
❌ It is a big problem (nima «it»?) → ✅ This shortage is a serious problem.
O‘xshash shakllar va farqi
| the former / the latter | former/latter = ikkitadan qaysi birini aniqlaydi |
| nominalisation | ishora oti ko‘pincha nominalizatsiyadan olinadi (shift, increase) |