Grammar bank · Grammatika bazasi

116 grammar patterns for IELTS — meaning, where it attaches, examples and the near-synonyms you keep mixing up.

Qanday ishlatiladi: bitta grammatikani qidirsangiz — yuqoridagi qidiruvdan yozing. Bir-biriga o‘xshash grammatikalarni solishtirish uchun “Ma’nosi bo‘yicha” ko‘rinishiga o‘ting: bir xil ma’noli barcha shakllar (masalan, hamma sabab grammatikalari) yonma-yon turadi. Har qatordagi “Batafsil” ni bosing — namunalar, farqi va tez-tez qilinadigan xatolar ochiladi.
Ko‘rinish
Turi bo‘yicha Ma’nosi bo‘yicha (sinonimlar)
Band daraja
Band 5 5 Band 5.5 15 Band 6 25 Band 6.5 31 Band 7 22 Band 7.5+ 18
Ma’no guruhi
Sabab — Cause 2 Natija — Result & consequence 3 Qarama-qarshilik — Contrast 5 Qarshi qo‘yish — Concession 3 Shart — Condition 8 Vaqt va ketma-ketlik — Time & sequence 15 Maqsad — Purpose 3 Qiyoslash — Comparison 7 O‘zgarish va tendensiya — Trend & change 2 Daraja va miqdor — Degree & quantity 10 Ehtiyotkor fikr — Hedging 5 Ta’kid — Emphasis 5 Misol keltirish — Exemplification 1 Umumlashtirish — Summarising 1 Ishora va o‘rin bosish — Reference 3 Sanash va qo‘shish — Listing & addition 4 Taxmin — Speculation 3 Majburiyat va ruxsat — Obligation 7 Imkoniyat — Possibility & ability 1 Ko‘chirma gap — Reported speech 2 Baho va munosabat — Attitude 1 Gap bo‘lagi — Sentence element 25
Grammatik turi
Zamonlar — Tenses & aspect 14 Modal fe’llar — Modals 12 Ergash gaplar — Clauses 12 Shart gaplar — Conditionals 11 Majhul nisbat va nominalizatsiya — Passive 8 Artikl va aniqlovchilar — Articles & determiners 11 Predloglar — Prepositions 11 Qiyoslash shakllari — Comparison 9 Fe’l qoliplari — Gerunds & infinitives 8 Bog‘lash vositalari — Linking & cohesion 12 Murakkab tuzilmalar — Advanced structures 8
12 / 116 shown Filtrlarni tozalash

Bog‘lash vositalari — Linking & cohesion

12 ta
Grammatika Daraja Ma’nosi Qo‘shilishi Namuna O‘xshashlari
however ★★★ 3 qarama-qarshilik — «biroq, lekin» (yangi jumla boshida) However, + S + V Online courses are convenient. However, they cannot replace laboratory work. Onlayn kurslar qulay. Biroq ular laboratoriya ishining o‘rnini bosa olmaydi. although / though / even though in contrast / on the other hand despite / in spite of
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

However — ravish, gaplarni bog‘lamaydi, balki yangi jumlani boshlaydi va vergul oladi. Gap o‘rtasida ishlatilsa ikki tomondan vergul: The policy, however, was abandoned.

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

Task 2 ning eng ko‘p ishlatiladigan bog‘lovchisi — aynan shuning uchun har xatboshida takrorlamang. Muqobillar: nevertheless, nonetheless, on the other hand, that said, by contrast.

⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato

❌ The plan was expensive however it worked. — however ikki gapni ulay olmaydi. ✅ … expensive; however, it worked. yoki ✅ … expensive, but it worked.

Namunalar

  • Online courses are convenient. However, they cannot replace laboratory work. Onlayn kurslar qulay. Biroq ular laboratoriya ishining o‘rnini bosa olmaydi.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

To‘liq sahifasi
in contrast / on the other hand ★★★ 4 qarama-qarshi tomon — «aksincha; boshqa tomondan» In contrast, + S + V Spending on healthcare doubled. By contrast, the education budget remained flat. Sog‘liqni saqlashga sarflangan mablag‘ ikki baravar oshdi. Aksincha, ta’lim byudjeti o‘zgarmadi. however whereas / while compared with / in comparison with
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

In contrast, / By contrast, / On the other hand, — jumla boshida, vergul bilan. On the one hand … on the other hand … juft holda ishlatiladi.

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

Task 1 da ikki guruh raqamni ajratadi: Consumption rose in Europe. In contrast, Asian figures fell steadily.

Task 2 (discussion) da ikkinchi qarashga o‘tish signali. ⚠️ On the other hand ni faqat ikki tomon haqida yozayotganda ishlating — bir tomonlama inshoda o‘rinsiz.

⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato

❌ In the other hand → ✅ On the other hand.

Namunalar

  • Spending on healthcare doubled. By contrast, the education budget remained flat. Sog‘liqni saqlashga sarflangan mablag‘ ikki baravar oshdi. Aksincha, ta’lim byudjeti o‘zgarmadi.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

To‘liq sahifasi
despite / in spite of ★★★ 4 qaramaslik — «... ga qaramay» Despite + noun / -ing, S + V Despite substantial investment, the network remains unreliable. Katta sarmoyaga qaramay, tarmoq hamon ishonchsizligicha qolmoqda. although / though / even though the fact that however
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

despite / in spite of + ot yoki -ing — hech qachon to‘liq gap emas. Gap kerak bo‘lsa: despite the fact that + gap, yoki although + gap. ⚠️ ❌ despite of — of faqat in spite of da bor.

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

Uchtasini bir-biriga aylantira olish Band 7 mashqi:

Although costs rose, demand remained strong.
Despite the rise in costs, demand remained strong.
Costs rose; nevertheless, demand remained strong.

⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato

❌ Despite the costs increased → ✅ Despite the increase in costs yoki ✅ Although the costs increased.

Namunalar

  • Despite substantial investment, the network remains unreliable. Katta sarmoyaga qaramay, tarmoq hamon ishonchsizligicha qolmoqda.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

To‘liq sahifasi
therefore / consequently ★★★ 3 natija — «shuning uchun, natijada» Therefore, + S + V Fuel prices rose sharply. Consequently, demand for public transport increased. Yoqilg‘i narxi keskin oshdi. Natijada jamoat transportiga talab ortdi. because / since / as result in / result from
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

Therefore / Consequently / As a result / Thus / Hence — jumla boshida vergul bilan, yoki nuqta-vergul bilan: …; therefore, … Thus va hence rasmiyroq va ixchamroq.

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

Sabab-natija zanjirini ko‘rsatish Task 2 ning yuragi. Xilma-xillik uchun jumla ichidagi variantlarga ham o‘ting: which is why, as a consequence, this has led to.

⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato

❌ Therefore of this… → ✅ Therefore, … yoki ✅ Because of this, …

Namunalar

  • Fuel prices rose sharply. Consequently, demand for public transport increased. Yoqilg‘i narxi keskin oshdi. Natijada jamoat transportiga talab ortdi.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

To‘liq sahifasi
moreover / furthermore ★★☆ 3 qo‘shimcha dalil — «bundan tashqari, qolaversa» Moreover, + S + V Furthermore, congestion charges generate revenue for public transport. Qolaversa, tirbandlik yig‘imlari jamoat transporti uchun daromad keltiradi. firstly / secondly / finally not only … but also
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

Moreover / Furthermore / In addition / What is more — jumla boshida vergul bilan. In addition to + ot/-ing (bu — predlogli shakl, boshqa qolip).

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

⚠️ Eng ko‘p suiiste’mol qilinadigan bog‘lovchilar shu. Tekshiruvchi har xatboshi Moreover bilan boshlanganini darrov sezadi va buni «mexanik» deb baholaydi. Bitta inshoda 1-2 marta yetadi; qolganida gapni mazmun bilan bog‘lang (This is not the only concern…).

⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato

❌ In addition of the cost → ✅ In addition to the cost · ❌ Beside, … → ✅ Besides, …

Namunalar

  • Furthermore, congestion charges generate revenue for public transport. Qolaversa, tirbandlik yig‘imlari jamoat transporti uchun daromad keltiradi.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

To‘liq sahifasi
for instance / such as ★★★ 3 misol keltirish — «masalan, ... kabi» For instance, + gap · noun + such as + noun Practical subjects such as cooking and budgeting are rarely taught at school. Ovqat pishirish va byudjet tuzish kabi amaliy fanlar maktabda kam o‘qitiladi. in particular / notably
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

For example / For instance, + to‘liq gap (vergul bilan) · such as / like + ot, vergulsiz: renewable sources such as wind and solar. e.g. — qavs ichida, insho matnida emas.

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

Task 2 da har bir dalilni misol bilan mustahkamlash kerak — Task Response bahosi shuni talab qiladi. Misol o‘ylab topilgan bo‘lishi ham mumkin, lekin aniq bo‘lsin: countries such as Norway and Denmark.

⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato

❌ such as the government invests → ✅ such as Norway (ot) yoki ✅ For instance, the government invests… (gap).

Namunalar

  • Practical subjects such as cooking and budgeting are rarely taught at school. Ovqat pishirish va byudjet tuzish kabi amaliy fanlar maktabda kam o‘qitiladi.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

To‘liq sahifasi
in particular / notably ★☆☆ 5 ajratib ko‘rsatish — «xususan, ayniqsa» …, in particular, … · notably + noun Young people, in particular, rely on social media for news. Ayniqsa yoshlar yangiliklar uchun ijtimoiy tarmoqlarga tayanadi. for instance / such as
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

in particular — otdan keyin yoki jumla boshida · notably / particularly — otdan oldin · especially — og‘zakiroq, lekin ishlaydi.

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

Task 1 da eng keskin raqamni ajratib ko‘rsatish uchun ideal: All four countries saw growth, notably Vietnam, whose figure tripled.

Namunalar

  • Young people, in particular, rely on social media for news. Ayniqsa yoshlar yangiliklar uchun ijtimoiy tarmoqlarga tayanadi.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

To‘liq sahifasi
firstly / secondly / finally ★★☆ 2 tartib bilan sanash — «birinchidan, ikkinchidan, nihoyat» Firstly, + S + V Firstly, urban expansion destroys farmland; secondly, it increases commuting times. Birinchidan, shaharlarning kengayishi ekin maydonlarini yo‘q qiladi; ikkinchidan, qatnov vaqtini oshiradi. moreover / furthermore in conclusion / overall
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

Firstly / Secondly / Thirdly / Finally — jumla boshida vergul bilan. Lastly ham to‘g‘ri; At last — ❌ (u «nihoyat, kutib» degani).

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

Ikki dalilli xatboshida bu ketma-ketlik strukturani aniq qiladi. Lekin butun insho Firstly… Secondly… Thirdly… bo‘lib qolsa, matn ro‘yxatga aylanadi — Coherence bahosi tushadi. Ba’zilarini mazmuniy o‘tish bilan almashtiring: A further concern is…

⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato

❌ At first, education is important → ✅ Firstly, … (at first = «dastlab, keyin o‘zgardi»).

Namunalar

  • Firstly, urban expansion destroys farmland; secondly, it increases commuting times. Birinchidan, shaharlarning kengayishi ekin maydonlarini yo‘q qiladi; ikkinchidan, qatnov vaqtini oshiradi.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

To‘liq sahifasi
in conclusion / overall ★★★ 3 yakun — «xulosa qilib aytganda; umuman olganda» In conclusion, + S + V Overall, the figures for both countries followed a similar upward trend. Umuman olganda, ikkala mamlakat ko‘rsatkichlari o‘xshash o‘sish tendensiyasini kuzatdi. firstly / secondly / finally
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

Task 2 xulosasi: In conclusion, / To conclude, / To sum up, · Task 1 umumiy manzarasi: Overall, / In general, / It is clear that.

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

⚠️ Ikkalasi bir xil emas. Task 1 da In conclusion emas, Overall yozing — Task 1 da fikr bildirilmaydi, faqat umumiy manzara beriladi. Va u ikkinchi xatboshi bo‘lishi mumkin, oxirida bo‘lishi shart emas.

Xulosada yangi dalil kiritmang — bu Task Response bahosini tushiradi.

⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato

❌ Task 1 da: In conclusion, I think this graph is interesting. → ✅ Overall, consumption rose in all four countries, with the sharpest increase in Vietnam.

Namunalar

  • Overall, the figures for both countries followed a similar upward trend. Umuman olganda, ikkala mamlakat ko‘rsatkichlari o‘xshash o‘sish tendensiyasini kuzatdi.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

To‘liq sahifasi
this / such + noun (referencing) ★★☆ 5 ishora bilan bog‘lash — «bu tendensiya, bunday choralar» This/These/Such + summarising noun Cities have banned older vehicles. Such measures have cut emissions considerably. Shaharlar eski transport vositalarini taqiqladi. Bunday choralar chiqindilarni sezilarli kamaytirdi. the former / the latter nominalisation
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

this / these / such + umumlashtiruvchi ot: this trend, this shift, these measures, such policies, this phenomenon. ⚠️ Yolg‘iz This is… noaniq — otni albatta qo‘shing.

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

Coherence & Cohesion bahosining eng kam ishlatiladigan quroli. Bog‘lovchi so‘z qo‘shmasdan xatboshilarni ulaydi va bir vaqtning o‘zida oldingi fikrni umumlashtiradi:

More families are moving to the suburbs. This trend has placed pressure on rural infrastructure.

⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato

❌ It is a big problem (nima «it»?) → ✅ This shortage is a serious problem.

Namunalar

  • Cities have banned older vehicles. Such measures have cut emissions considerably. Shaharlar eski transport vositalarini taqiqladi. Bunday choralar chiqindilarni sezilarli kamaytirdi.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

To‘liq sahifasi
the former / the latter ★☆☆ 6 avvalgisi / keyingisi — ikkitadan qaysi biriga ishora the former … the latter … Both nuclear and solar power were expanded, though the latter grew far faster. Ham yadro, ham quyosh energiyasi kengaytirildi, biroq ikkinchisi ancha tez o‘sdi. this / such + noun (referencing)
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

the former = birinchi tilga olingani · the latter = ikkinchisi. Faqat ikkita narsa bo‘lganda ishlaydi; uchta bo‘lsa the first / the last deyiladi.

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

Otni takrorlamaslikning eng akademik yo‘li: Students can choose between vocational and academic courses; the former leads to employment more quickly, while the latter offers broader options.

Bir inshoda bir marta — noto‘g‘ri ishlatilsa, o‘quvchi adashadi.

Namunalar

  • Both nuclear and solar power were expanded, though the latter grew far faster. Ham yadro, ham quyosh energiyasi kengaytirildi, biroq ikkinchisi ancha tez o‘sdi.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

To‘liq sahifasi
not only … but also ★★☆ 5 ikki dalilni birlashtirish — «nafaqat ..., balki ... ham» not only + X but also + Y Cycling not only reduces congestion but also improves public health. Velosipedda yurish nafaqat tirbandlikni kamaytiradi, balki jamoat salomatligini ham yaxshilaydi. moreover / furthermore inversion
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

Ikki tarafda bir xil turdagi bo‘lak turishi shart: ot + ot, fe’l + fe’l (❌ not only cheap but also it saves time). Gap boshida kelsa inversiya talab qiladi: Not only does it save money, but it also reduces emissions.

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

Ikki foydani bitta gapda berish — ixcham va ta’sirchan. Inversiyali shakli Band 7.5+ belgisi, lekin does/did/is ni to‘g‘ri qo‘yish shart.

⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato

❌ Not only it saves money… → ✅ Not only does it save money…

Namunalar

  • Cycling not only reduces congestion but also improves public health. Velosipedda yurish nafaqat tirbandlikni kamaytiradi, balki jamoat salomatligini ham yaxshilaydi.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

To‘liq sahifasi