English

PE-67: Comparatives and Superlatives

Bigger, biggest, more beautiful, the most beautiful — the rules, the spelling, the irregulars, and the double-comparative mistake.

PE-67: Comparatives and Superlatives

Uzbek compares things with one tidy suffix: kattaroq, and the best of all is eng katta. English has two systems and makes you choose between them based on how long the adjective is. Once you know where the border runs, the whole topic takes fifteen minutes.

In this lesson you will learn

  • When to use -er / -est and when to use more / most
  • The spelling changes: big → bigger, easy → easier
  • The irregulars: good, bad, far
  • How to make a comparison stronger, and the more better trap
Short adjectives tall taller than the tallest
Long adjectives beautiful more beautiful than the most beautiful
subject — ega verb — kesim object — toʻldiruvchi helper verb — yordamchi feʼl

1. Where the border runs

Type of adjectiveComparativeSuperlative
1 syllable — tall, cheaptallerthe tallest
1 syllable + e — nice, largenicerthe nicest
vowel + consonant — big, hotbiggerthe biggest
2 syllables ending -y — easy, happyeasierthe easiest
2+ syllables — modern, carefulmore modernthe most modern
3+ syllables — interestingmore interestingthe most interesting

Tashkent is bigger than Bukhara, but Bukhara is more beautiful — and Samarkand is the most famous city of all.

Toshkent Buxorodan kattaroq, lekin Buxoro chiroyliroq — Samarqand esa hammasidan mashhur.

Oʻzbekcha Oʻzbekchada bitta yoʻl bor: -roq (kattaroq, chiroyliroq) va eng (eng katta). Ingliz tilida esa uzunlikka qarab tanlanadi: qisqa sifat — -er/-est, uzun sifat — more/most. Chegara: bir boʻgʻin yoki -y bilan tugagan ikki boʻgʻin — qoʻshimcha oladi; qolganlari more bilan.

2. The irregulars — learn these five

1good

better → the best

2bad

worse → the worst

3far

further / farther → the furthest

4many / much

more → the most

5little

less → the least

!Never double up

more better, the most best

Careful Never use both systems at once. more taller, more better, the most tallest ✗. One adjective takes one marker: either -er/-est or more/most.

3. than and the

  1. Comparatives take than: She is taller than me.
  2. Superlatives take the: He is the tallest in the class.
  3. Superlative + in for places and groups: the best in the school.
  4. Superlative + of for a number of things: the best of the three.

Afsona is the best student in our class, and she is more hard-working than anybody I know.

Afsona sinfimizdagi eng yaxshi oʻquvchi va u men bilgan hamma odamdan tirishqoqroq.

4. Making a comparison stronger or weaker

Stronger

  • much bigger · far better
  • a lot cheaper · even colder
  • very bigger

Weaker

  • a bit more expensive
  • slightly taller
  • a little older

Notice that very cannot strengthen a comparative — use much or far instead.

5. Comparing amounts: more, fewer, less

You can compare quantities as well as qualities. Here the countable / uncountable split from PE-2 comes back one more time.

Countable

  • more books · fewer books
  • I have fewer mistakes than last time.

Uncountable

  • more time · less time
  • I have less time than before.

This year we have fewer students but more classrooms, so there is less noise.

Bu yil oʻquvchilar kamroq, lekin sinfxonalar koʻproq, shuning uchun shovqin kamroq.

More works for both; only the "less" side splits into fewer / less.

Oʻzbekcha Oʻzbekchada "kamroq" hamma narsa uchun bir xil: kamroq kitob, kamroq vaqt. Ingliz tilida esa ikkiga boʻlinadi: sanaladiganlar uchun fewer (fewer books), sanalmaydiganlar uchun less (less time). "Koʻproq" esa ikkalasi uchun ham bitta — more.

6. Two elegant patterns

It's getting colder and colder. — The more you practise, the better you get.

Kundan kunga sovuqlashyapti. — Qancha koʻp mashq qilsangiz, shuncha yaxshi boʻlasiz.

Two comparatives joined by and = a growing change. The more…, the better… = two things rising together.

Oʻzbekcha The more…, the better… qurilmasi oʻzbekchadagi "qancha ... shuncha ..." ga toʻgʻri keladi: Qancha koʻp oʻqisangiz, shuncha koʻp bilasizThe more you read, the more you know. Ikkala qismda ham the qoʻyilishini eslab qoling — bu yerda u artikl emas.

7. Common mistakes

My brother is more taller than me.

My brother is taller than me.

This film is more better.

This film is better.

She is the most intelligent girl of the class.

… the most intelligent girl in the class.

Bukhara is more old that Tashkent.

Bukhara is older than Tashkent.

This bag is very cheaper.

This bag is much cheaper.

Practice

1 Give both forms: hot · easy · expensive · good

Show answer

hotter / the hottest (double the t), easier / the easiest (y → i), more expensive / the most expensive, better / the best (irregular).

2 Correct it: Winter in Tashkent is more colder than in Termez.

Show answer

Winter in Tashkent is colder than in Termez.

Cold is one syllable, so it takes -er alone — never with more.

3 in or of: He is the tallest boy ___ the team, and the tallest ___ all my cousins.

Show answer

in the team … of all my cousins. Groups and places take in; a set of individuals takes of.

4 Complete the pattern: ___ you sleep, ___ you feel. (more / better)

Show answer

The more you sleep, the better you feel.

The is needed in both halves.

5 Compare two cities you know, using one comparative and one superlative.

Show answer

Model: Samarkand is older than Tashkent, but Tashkent is the biggest city in Uzbekistan.

Key words — Kalit soʻzlar

  • Comparativeorttirma daraja (qiyosiy)
  • Superlativeeng yuqori daraja
  • Syllableboʻgʻin
  • Irregularqoidasiz
  • Than...dan (qiyoslashda)
  • Slightlybir oz
  • Even (colder)hatto, yanada
  • Hard-workingtirishqoq
  • Expensiveqimmat
  • Cheaparzon

🎯 Remember this

  • Short adjectives: -er / the -est. Long adjectives: more / the most.
  • Spelling: double the consonant (bigger), y → i (easier).
  • Irregulars: good–better–best, bad–worse–worst, far–further–furthest.
  • Never both: more better, the most tallest.
  • Strengthen with much / far / even — not very.
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