English

PE-100: Your Grammar Toolkit: The One-Page Review of Everything

The whole course on one page — every tense, every modal, every conditional, the ten golden rules, and what to do next. The finish line.

powerty

July 30, 2026

5 7 min 0

PE-100: Your Grammar Toolkit: The One-Page Review of Everything

You have reached the last lesson. Stop for a moment and look at what that means: you started at "What Is a Sentence?" and you have worked through every tense in English, every modal verb, every conditional, the passive, reported speech, relative clauses and the whole apparatus of academic style. There is no major area of English grammar left that you have not met.

This lesson gives you no new grammar. It gives you the map — everything in one place, so you can find any rule in seconds. Keep it open when you write.

In this lesson you will find

All 12 tenses in one table
The modal scales and the four conditionals
The ten golden rules that cross the whole language
What to do next, now that the course is finished

Where you started · where you are Subject + Verb → the whole grammar of English

subject — ega verb — kesim object — toʻldiruvchi helper verb — yordamchi feʼl

1. The 12 tenses

Aspect	PAST	PRESENT	FUTURE
Simple	I worked	I work	I will work
Continuous	I was working	I am working	I will be working
Perfect	I had worked	I have worked	I will have worked
Perfect Cont.	I had been working	I have been working	I will have been working

Two questions build any tense (PE-41): When? — past, present, future. How do I see it? — a fact (Simple), in progress (Continuous), finished with a result (Perfect), or measured in length (Perfect Continuous).

2. Modals: three scales

1Obligation

must / have to → had better → should → could → don't have to · mustn't = forbidden

2Certainty

must be (95%) → should be (70%) → might be (50%) → can't be (5%)

3Ability

can → could / was able to → will be able to

4In the past

modal + have + V3: must have gone, should have told

3. The four conditionals

Type	If-half	Result	Meaning
Zero	present	present	always true
First	present	will + verb	real future
Second	past	would + verb	imaginary present
Third	had + V3	would have + V3	imaginary past

Each step into imagination moves the verb one step back — and there is never a will or would after if.

4. Look how far you have come

Here are three sentences: what a beginner writes, and what you can write now. The ideas are the same. The difference is a hundred lessons.

Then: I live here 10 year. I like very much.
Now: I've been living here for ten years, and I like it very much.

Bu yerda oʻn yildan beri yashayman va menga bu juda yoqadi.

Present Perfect Continuous · for · word order — PE-36, PE-33, PE-72.

Then: If I will have money, I will buy car.
Now: If I had more money, I would buy a car — but if I save enough this year, I will definitely get one.

Agar koʻproq pulim boʻlsa, mashina olardim — lekin bu yil yetarlicha yigʻsam, albatta olaman.

Second and first conditionals in one sentence — PE-53, PE-54.

Then: Yesterday I go school. Teacher say me homework.
Now: Yesterday, while I was walking to school, I realised that I had forgotten the homework my teacher had told me to do.

Kecha maktabga ketayotib, oʻqituvchim aytgan uy vazifasini esdan chiqarganimni angladim.

Past Continuous · Past Perfect · reported command · relative clause — PE-23, PE-38, PE-63, PE-58.

5. The ten golden rules

One tense marker per verb phrase. didn't go, not ~~didn't went~~.
English word order is S–V–O–Manner–Place–Time — and nothing comes between the verb and its object.
Every sentence needs a subject. It is raining. There is a problem.
he / she / it takes -s in the present simple. Nothing else does.
A singular countable noun needs a word in front: a, the, my, this…
One negative per sentence. I never smoke. Although… (not …but).
Stative verbs take no -ing: know, want, like, need, have (own).
No will after when, if, as soon as, until, by the time.
After a preposition, a verb takes -ing. good at swimming.
Learn words with their partners: good at, depend on, make a decision.

Oʻzbekcha Mana shu oʻn qoida — butun kursning eng qisqa xulosasi. Ularni bir varaqqa koʻchirib, stolingiz ustiga qoʻyib qoʻying. Yozgan har bir matnni shu roʻyxat boʻyicha tekshirsangiz, xatolaringizning taxminan 80 foizi shu yerda tutiladi. Qolgan 20 foizi — soʻz boyligi va mashq masalasi.

6. The five Uzbek-interference fixes

Watch for these

Articles — Uzbek has none (PE-4)
Third-person -s (PE-9)
Word order — Uzbek is SOV (PE-72)
for / since + Present Perfect (PE-33)
Double negatives · although…but (PE-11, PE-52)

Where Uzbek helps you

-moqchiman = going to (PE-27)
-gan ekan = has been -ing (PE-36)
-tirdim = have it done (PE-66)
-ib / -ayotib = participle clause (PE-86)
mumkin emas / shart emas = mustn't / don't have to (PE-45)

7. What to do next

Grammar is now the part of English you know best. From here, progress comes from use, not study.

1Read every day

Fifteen minutes. Copy any phrase you like into a notebook — whole phrases, not single words (PE-90).

2Write something weekly

An email, a diary entry, a short story. Then check it with the ten golden rules.

3Speak, imperfectly

Fluency comes from talking with mistakes, not from waiting until you are perfect.

4Keep three errors in view

Your own top three, on the first page of your notebook (PE-92).

Teacher's tip Come back to this lesson often. It is not a farewell page — it is a reference desk. When you are unsure of a rule, find it here first, then open the lesson number beside it.

Oʻzbekcha Va oxirgi soʻz: siz 100 dars davomida ingliz tili grammatikasining butun tizimini koʻrib chiqdingiz — 12 zamon, modal feʼllar, shart gaplar, majhul nisbat, koʻchirma gap. Bu kichik ish emas. Endi grammatika sizning tayanchingiz, va bundan keyingi oʻsish mashq orqali keladi: oʻqing, yozing, gapiring. Xato qilishdan qoʻrqmang — xato qilgan odam oʻrganadi, jim turgan odam esa yoʻq. Omad, va oʻrganishni davom ettiring!

Oʻzbekcha Yuqoridagi "Then / Now" misollariga yana bir marta qarang. Birinchi variantlarni koʻp oʻquvchi yozadi — va bu uyat emas, bu boshlanish. Ikkinchi variantlarni esa siz yozasiz, chunki endi Present Perfect, shart gaplar, Past Perfect va aniqlovchi ergash gaplarni bilasiz. Farq — isteʼdodda emas, mehnatda.

Practice — a little of everything

1 Name the tense and fix the error: I am living here since 2018.

Show answer

I have lived / have been living here since 2018.

Started in the past and still true → Present Perfect (PE-33), not the present.

2 Which conditional, and complete it: If I ___ (know) his number, I ___ (call) him. (I don't know it)

Show answer

Second conditional: If I knew his number, I would call him.

3 Find three errors: She go to the school every day and she is very good in maths.

Show answer

She goes to school every day and she is very good at maths.

Missing -s (PE-9) · the before school (PE-4) · good at, not in (PE-76).

4 Make it passive, then report it: Somebody stole my bike. "My bike was stolen," he said.

Show answer

My bike was stolen. (PE-60) → He said (that) his bike had been stolen. (PE-62)

5 Write three sentences about what you will do with your English next.

Show answer

Model: I'm going to read one English article every day. If I keep doing that, my vocabulary will grow quickly. By this time next year, I will have finished my first English novel.

Going to (PE-27) · first conditional (PE-53) · future perfect (PE-40). You built that.