English, Class - 11: Gerunds, Infinitives

🎭 Gerunds & Infinitives

(Gerundiylar va Infinitivlar)

What are they? (Ular o'zi nima?) English: Sometimes we need to use a verb as a noun (the name of an activity). To do this, we change the verb into a Gerund or an Infinitive. Uzbek: Ba'zida fe'lni ot (narsa yoki harakat nomi) kabi ishlatishimizga to'g'ri keladi. Buning uchun biz fe'lni Gerundiy yoki Infinitiv shakliga o'tkazamiz.

🏃‍♂️ Gerund (Gerundiy): Verb + -ing (Examples: playing, reading, managing) 🎯 Infinitive (Infinitiv): to + Verb (Examples: to play, to read, to manage)

🏃‍♂️ Use Cases for Gerunds (Gerundiy qachon ishlatiladi?)

1. As the Subject of a sentence (Gapning egasi vazifasida) English: When the action itself is the main topic of the sentence. We use the Gerund as the "thing" we are talking about. Uzbek: Harakatning o'zi gapning asosiy mavzusi bo'lganda (ot o'rnida). Biz Gerundiyni biz gapirayotgan "narsa" sifatida ishlatamiz.

• 🇬🇧: Playing chess is good for your strategy skills.
• 🇺🇿: Shaxmat o'ynash strategik qobiliyatingiz uchun foydali.
• 🇬🇧: Learning a new language takes time.
• 🇺🇿: Yangi tilni o'rganish vaqt talab etadi.

2. After Prepositions (Predloglardan so'ng) English: Always use a Gerund after preposition words like in, at, of, about, for, without. Never use an infinitive here! Uzbek: in, at, of, about, for, without kabi predloglardan keyin har doim Gerundiy ishlatiladi. Bu yerda infinitiv ishlatish umuman mumkin emas!

• 🇬🇧: She is interested in learning Korean.
• 🇺🇿: U koreys tilini o'rganishga qiziqadi.
• 🇬🇧: He left without saying goodbye.
• 🇺🇿: U xayrlashmasdan (xayrlashishni aytmasdan) ketdi.

3. After specific verbs (Ba'zi maxsus fe'llardan so'ng) English: You just have to memorize these! Words like enjoy, avoid, finish, mind, suggest are always followed by a Gerund. Uzbek: Bularni yodlab olish kerak! enjoy (zavqlanmoq), avoid (qochmoq), finish (tugatmoq), mind (qarshi bo'lmoq), suggest (taklif qilmoq) kabi fe'llardan keyin doim Gerundiy keladi.

• 🇬🇧: I enjoy creating cinematic videos.
• 🇺🇿: Men kinematografik videolar yaratishdan zavqlanaman.
• 🇬🇧: We finished deploying the code.
• 🇺🇿: Biz kodni ishga tushirishni tugatdik.

🎯 Use Cases for Infinitives (Infinitiv qachon ishlatiladi?)

1. To show Purpose (Maqsadni ko'rsatish uchun) English: When answering the question "Why did you do something?". Uzbek: "Nima maqsadda / Nima uchun bu ishni qildingiz?" degan savolga javob berish uchun.

• 🇬🇧: I went to the center to teach my students.
• 🇺🇿: Men o'quvchilarimga dars berish uchun markazga bordim.
• 🇬🇧: She opened her laptop to write a Python script.
• 🇺🇿: U Python skriptini yozish uchun noutbukini ochdi.

2. After specific verbs (Ba'zi maxsus fe'llardan so'ng) English: Words like want, need, decide, plan, hope, promise always take an Infinitive. They usually point to the future. Uzbek: want (xohlamoq), need (muhtoj bo'lmoq), decide (qaror qilmoq), plan (rejalashtirmoq), hope (umid qilmoq), promise (vada bermoq) kabi fe'llar o'zidan keyin har doim Infinitiv oladi. Ular odatda kelajakka ishora qiladi.

• 🇬🇧: We plan to launch the new website next week.
• 🇺🇿: Biz yangi veb-saytni kelasi hafta ishga tushirishni rejalashtiryapmiz.
• 🇬🇧: I decided to start a new project.
• 🇺🇿: Men yangi loyiha boshlashga qaror qildim.

🥊 The Big Comparison: Words that change meaning (Ma'nosi o'zgaradigan fe'llar)

Some tricky verbs can take both a Gerund and an Infinitive, but the meaning of the sentence completely changes depending on which one you choose! (Ba'zi qiyinroq fe'llar Gerundiyni ham, Infinitivni ham qabul qila oladi, lekin qaysi birini tanlashingizga qarab gapning ma'nosi butunlay o'zgarib ketadi!)

🛑 STOP (To'xtatmoq)

Stop + Gerund (-ing): To quit an action completely. (Biror harakatni butunlay to'xtatish yoki tashlash).

• 🇬🇧: It stopped raining. (The rain is finished).
• 🇺🇿: Yomg'ir yog'ishdan to'xtadi.

Stop + Infinitive (to...): To interrupt what you are currently doing in order to do something else. (Boshqa biror ish qilish uchun ayni paytdagi harakatdan to'xtash).

• 🇬🇧: We were driving, and we stopped to eat traditional Uzbek food. (We stopped the car so we could eat).
• 🇺🇿: Biz mashinada ketayotgan edik va milliy o'zbek taomlarini yeyish uchun to'xtadik.

🧠 REMEMBER (Eslamoq)

Remember + Gerund (-ing): Having a memory of something you did in the past. You did the action first, and now you remember it. (O'tmishda qilgan ishingizni eslash. Siz avval harakatni qildingiz, endi esa uni eslayapsiz).

• 🇬🇧: I remember locking the door. (I have a clear memory of doing it).
• 🇺🇿: Men eshikni qulflaganimni eslayman.

Remember + Infinitive (to...): Not forgetting to do a necessary task. You must remember first, and then do the action. (Qilinishi kerak bo'lgan vazifani unutmaslik. Avval eslab qolasiz, keyin esa o'sha ishni qilasiz).

• 🇬🇧: Please remember to lock the door before you leave. (Don't forget to do it).
• 🇺🇿: Iltimos, ketishdan oldin eshikni qulflashni unutmang.