English, Calss - 18: The Passive Voice

Salom, bilimga chanqoq do'stlar! 🌟 Ingliz tilini yuqori (Advanced) darajada o'zlashtirish yo'lidagi navbatdagi qadamingiz qutlug' bo'lsin. Bugun biz siz bilan ingliz tilida rasmiy, ilmiy va juda tabiiy eshitiladigan muhim mavzuni o'rganamiz. Navbatdagi bekat — The Passive Voice (Majhul nisbat).

Keling, gapni kim bajarganini emas, balki nima ish qilinganini birinchi o'ringa olib chiqish san'atini o'rganamiz!

🎭 The Passive Voice o'zi nima?

Ko'pincha biz gaplarni "Kim nimani qildi?" shaklida tuzamiz (Bu Active Voice — Faol nisbat). Lekin ba'zida ishni kim qilgani noma'lum, muhim emas yoki hammaga shundoq ham tushunarli bo'ladi. Bunday vaziyatlarda e'tibor markaziga harakatning o'zi yoki o'sha harakatni o'ziga qabul qilgan narsa (obyekt) chiqadi.

💡 Oltin Qoida: Majhul nisbatda (Passive Voice) voqea qahramoni harakatni bajargan shaxs emas, balki harakat qaratilgan narsaning o'zi bo'ladi! "Kim qildi?" emas, "Nima qilindi?" degan savol muhimroq.

Qurilishi: Formula barcha zamonlar uchun o'zak hisoblanadi, faqat "To be" zamonga qarab o'zgaradi:

• Obyekt + To be (zamonga moslashgan) + V3/ed (Fe'lning 3-shakli)

⚖️ Katta Farq: Active vs. Passive

Keling, o'zgarishni yaqqol ko'rish uchun odatiy gapni majhul nisbatga aylantirib ko'ramiz. Sifatlar (qanday?) va ravishlarga (qanday qilib?) e'tibor bering!

• Active (Faol): A careless worker accidentally dropped the extremely fragile vase. (E'tiborsiz ishchi tasodifan o'ta mo'rt guldonni tushirib yubordi.) — Bu yerda aybdor (ishchi) birinchi o'rinda.
• Passive (Majhul): The extremely fragile vase was accidentally dropped (by a careless worker). (O'ta mo'rt guldon tasodifan tushirib yuborildi.) — Bu yerda guldon va uning sinishi birinchi o'rinda. Aybdorni "by" orqali qo'shish mumkin, yoki umuman tushirib qoldirish ham mumkin.

🎨 Advanced Darajadagi Misollar

Yuqori bosqichda ekanmiz, keling endi oddiy zamonlar bilan emas, balki murakkabroq (Continuous, Perfect va Modals) zamonlarda majhul nisbat qanday yasalishini ko'ramiz:

1. Present Continuous Passive (Ayni damda qilinayotgan ish):

• Formula: am/is/are + being + V3
• The ancient historical monument is being restored carefully by an expert team right now. (Ayni damda qadimiy tarixiy obida ekspertlar jamoasi tomonidan ehtiyotkorlik bilan qayta ta'mirlanmoqda.)

2. Present Perfect Passive (Yaqinda yakunlangan, natijasi bor ish):

• Formula: have/has + been + V3
• This fascinating and complex mystery has finally been solved by the brilliant detective. (Bu qiziqarli va murakkab jumboq nihoyat ajoyib detektiv tomonidan yechildi.)

3. Modals in Passive (Taxmin yoki majburiyat bildirganda):

• Formula: Modal + be + V3 (yoki Modal + have been + V3)
• The highly important email must have been sent incorrectly because I haven't received it yet. (O'ta muhim elektron xat noto'g'ri jo'natilgan bo'lsa kerak, chunki men uni hali olmadim.)

📝 O'zlashtirish uchun Test

Qoidalarni o'zlashtirganingizni tekshirib ko'ramiz! Qavs ichidagi ma'lumotlarga qarab, to'g'ri variantni tanlang (Diqqat qiling: gap yashovchi emas, bajariluvchi narsa ustida ketyapti!):

1. The highly confidential documents ________ secretly from the safe before the manager arrived. (Eslatma: Menejer kelishidan oldin o'g'irlab bo'lingan — o'tmishdagi o'tmish). A) had stolen B) had been stolen C) was stolen

2. Look! The magnificent new stadium ________ rapidly in the city center. (Eslatma: Ayni damda jarayon davom etyapti). A) is repairing B) has been built C) is being built

(O'ylab ko'ring... Javoblarni ko'rish uchun pastga qarang) ⬇️ ⬇️ ⬇️

To'g'ri Javoblar va Tushuntirish:

1. To'g'ri javob: B (had been stolen). Bu yerda "Past Perfect Passive" kerak, chunki menejer kelishidan (Past Simple) oldin hujjatlar o'g'irlab bo'lingan. Hujjatlar o'z-o'zini o'g'irlamaydi, demak "had stolen" (A) xato.
2. To'g'ri javob: C (is being built). "Look!" (Qarang!) so'zi harakat hozir ayni damda ko'z o'ngimizda bo'layotganini (Present Continuous) bildiradi. Stadion o'zini o'zi qurmaydi, kimdir uni quryapti, demak qurilmoqda — is being built.