GMAT Verbal 22: Inference — What Must Be True

O'qish Critical Reasoning: boshqa savol turlari 3-dars, jami 7

Shu mavzudagi darslar · 3/7

GMAT Verbal 20: Evaluate the Argument — The Question That Would Decide It
GMAT Verbal 21: Flaw Questions — The Classic Reasoning Errors
GMAT Verbal 22: Inference — What Must Be True
4 GMAT Verbal 23: Explain the Discrepancy — Resolving a Paradox
5 GMAT Verbal 24: Role and Boldface Questions
6 GMAT Verbal 25: Plans and Methods of Reasoning
7 GMAT Verbal 26: Critical Reasoning — Mixed Practice II

Matndan nima albatta kelib chiqadi?

Inference savolida argument yoʻq — faqat faktlar. Savol: «If the statements above are true, which of the following must also be true?» yoki yumshoqroq «most strongly supported». Bu yerda boshqa savol turlarining qoidasi teskari ishlaydi: eng ehtiyotkor, eng tor variant gʻolib chiqadi.

⏱ Inference — ~1.5–2 daqiqa

Usul

1. Faktlarni qisqa yozing va ularni bogʻlang: qaysi ikki fakt birga yangi narsa beradi?

2. «All», «some», «no», «only» soʻzlariga qarang — ular nimani aytadi va nimani aytmaydi.

3. Foiz va son farqi: son oshdi, ulush tushdi → umumiy son oshgan boʻlishi shart.

4. Har bir variantga savol: «Faktlar rost, bu esa yolgʻon boʻlishi mumkinmi?» Mumkin boʻlsa — chiqarib tashlang.

Ishlangan namuna

Last year, Company R's revenue rose by 10 percent, while its profit fell.

Foyda = tushum − xarajat. Tushum oshdi, foyda tushdi — demak xarajat tushumdan koʻproq miqdorda oshgan. Bu albatta toʻgʻri. «Kompaniya kamroq mahsulot sotdi» esa shart emas: narx oshgan boʻlishi mumkin. «Kompaniya zarar koʻrdi» — ham shart emas: foyda kamaygan, lekin musbat qolgan boʻlishi mumkin.

💡 Maslahat: Inferenceʼda «juda kuchli» variant — eng koʻp uchraydigan tuzoq. «Must be true» uchun «some», «at least», «not all» kabi yumshoq soʻzlar koʻpincha toʻgʻri javob belgisi.

Every branch of Bank Q that opened before 2015 offers safe-deposit boxes to its customers. Bank Q's branch in Namangan does not offer safe-deposit boxes to its customers.

If the statements above are true, which of the following must also be true?

⏱ ~2 daqiqa

Bank Q's Namangan branch opened in 2015 or later. The Namangan branch opened sometime after 2020. Most branches of Bank Q offer safe-deposit boxes. No branch of Bank Q that opened after 2015 offers safe-deposit boxes. The Namangan branch is Bank Q's newest branch.

Last year, Company R's revenue rose by 10 percent, while its profit fell. Company R's profit is the difference between its revenue and its costs.

If the statements above are true, which of the following must also be true?

⏱ ~2 daqiqa

Company R's costs rose last year by a larger amount than its revenue did. Company R's competitors also saw their profits fall last year. Company R raised the prices of its products last year. Company R sold fewer products last year than the year before. Company R made a loss last year.

In the city of Termez, every bus that runs after 10 p.m. is an electric bus. Some of the buses on Route 7 run after 10 p.m., and the rest run only during the day.

If the statements above are true, which of the following must also be true?

⏱ ~2 daqiqa

Some of the buses on Route 7 are electric. Some buses that run only during the day are not electric. No buses on other routes run after 10 p.m. Route 7 has more electric buses than any other route. All of the buses on Route 7 are electric.

A survey of 2,000 small businesses found that firms that accepted card payments had, on average, higher monthly sales than firms that accepted only cash. However, firms that began accepting cards during the survey period saw no change in their sales.

The statements above most strongly support which of the following?

⏱ ~2 daqiqa

Customers prefer to pay in cash rather than by card. Accepting card payments was not, by itself, the main reason the card-accepting firms had higher sales. Accepting card payments reduces a firm's sales. Most small businesses accept card payments. Firms that accept card payments will see their sales fall if they stop.

This year, the number of students at Samarkand Business School who chose the finance major rose, while the share of the school's students who chose finance fell.

If the statements above are true, which of the following must also be true?

⏱ ~2 daqiqa

The total number of students at the school rose this year. The school added new majors this year. Fewer students chose finance than chose marketing. Most students at the school chose finance. The number of students choosing majors other than finance fell.

Tuzoqlar

⚠️ Tuzoq: Juda kuchli («all», «most», «after 2020»). Mumkin, lekin shart emas — «some buses that run only during the day are not electric». Tashqi bilim — «customers prefer cash» — dunyoda rost boʻlishi mumkin, matnda yoʻq.

📌 Eslatma: Oʻzbek tilida «baʼzi» koʻpincha «hammasi emas» degan maʼnoni ham beradi. GMAT mantiqida some = kamida bitta, va «some» hammasini ham qamrab olishi mumkin. Shu farq koʻp savolni hal qiladi.