GMAT Verbal 23: Explain the Discrepancy — Resolving a Paradox

O'qish Critical Reasoning: boshqa savol turlari 4-dars, jami 7

Shu mavzudagi darslar · 4/7

GMAT Verbal 20: Evaluate the Argument — The Question That Would Decide It
GMAT Verbal 21: Flaw Questions — The Classic Reasoning Errors
GMAT Verbal 22: Inference — What Must Be True
GMAT Verbal 23: Explain the Discrepancy — Resolving a Paradox
5 GMAT Verbal 24: Role and Boldface Questions
6 GMAT Verbal 25: Plans and Methods of Reasoning
7 GMAT Verbal 26: Critical Reasoning — Mixed Practice II

Ikki fakt bir-biriga zid koʻrinadi

Bu savol turida argument yoʻq — ikki fakt bor, va ular birga kutilmagan manzara beradi: kampaniya chekuvchilarni kamaytirdi, lekin sigaret savdosi oshdi. Savol: «Which of the following, if true, most helps to resolve the apparent discrepancy?» Sizning vazifangiz — ikkala fakt ham toʻgʻri boʻlishiga imkon beradigan yangi faktni topish.

⏱ Paradoks — ~1.5–2 daqiqa

Usul

1. Ikki faktni alohida yozing: «A boʻldi» va «lekin B boʻldi».

2. Nima uchun ular zid koʻrinishini oʻzingizga ayting: «A boʻlsa, B ning teskarisini kutardik, chunki…»

3. Shu «chunki» dagi yashirin taxminni toping — toʻgʻri javob odatda aynan uni buzadi.

4. Har bir variantni tekshiring: u ikkala faktni tushuntiradimi? Faqat bittasini tushuntirsa yoki ziddiyatni chuqurlashtirsa — tuzoq.

Ishlangan namuna

Company W's sales rose by 25 percent last year, but its share of the market fell.

Nima uchun zid koʻrinadi? Savdo oshsa, ulush ham oshadi deb kutamiz — bozor oʻzgarmagan deb taxmin qilsak. Shu taxminni buzadigan fakt: «Bozor bir yilda 25 foizdan koʻproq oʻsdi.» Endi ikkala fakt ham toʻgʻri: Company W oʻsdi, lekin bozor undan tezroq oʻsdi.

💡 Maslahat: Paradoks savollarida «if true» yana muhim: variant gʻalati boʻlsa ham, uni rost deb olib, ikki faktni tushuntirishini tekshiring.

Despite a national campaign that persuaded many people in Country K to quit smoking, the number of cigarettes sold in Country K rose last year.

Which of the following, if true, most helps to resolve the apparent discrepancy?

⏱ ~2 daqiqa

Among people in Country K who continued to smoke, the average number of cigarettes smoked per day rose sharply last year. Many people who quit smoking said that the campaign had influenced their decision. The campaign was the most successful anti-smoking campaign in Country K's history. Some smokers in Country K buy their cigarettes in neighbouring countries. Cigarette prices in Country K are set by the government.

Bank V introduced a mobile app that lets its customers deposit cheques without visiting a branch. Yet in the year after the app was introduced, the number of customer visits to Bank V's branches rose.

Which of the following, if true, most helps to explain the rise in branch visits?

⏱ ~2 daqiqa

Branch staff were trained to tell customers about the app. The app attracted many new customers to Bank V, and every new customer must visit a branch once to verify their identity. The app makes depositing a cheque much faster than visiting a branch. Most of the customers who use the app are under 40 years old. Other banks have introduced similar apps.

In Region M, the number of reported cases of a certain disease rose by 40 percent in the two years after a new hospital opened there, even though doctors agree that the disease itself did not become more common in the region.

Which of the following, if true, most helps to resolve the apparent discrepancy?

⏱ ~2 daqiqa

The new hospital cost more to build than was originally planned. The new hospital offers a test for the disease that was not previously available anywhere in Region M. The disease can be treated effectively if it is diagnosed early. The new hospital employs many doctors who trained in other regions. The disease is more common among older people than among younger people.

Company W makes kitchen appliances and sells them in several countries. Its sales rose by 25 percent last year, but its share of the market for kitchen appliances fell.

Which of the following, if true, most helps to resolve the apparent discrepancy?

⏱ ~2 daqiqa

Sales at Company W's largest competitor fell last year. Company W spent more on advertising last year than the year before. Company W's profits also rose last year. Company W raised the prices of its products last year. The total market for kitchen appliances grew by more than 25 percent last year.

Studies show that people who work at standing desks burn more calories during the working day than people who sit. Yet employees at Firm D who switched to standing desks did not, on average, lose any weight over the following year.

Which of the following, if true, most helps to explain why the employees did not lose weight?

⏱ ~2 daqiqa

Standing burns more calories than sitting does. Standing desks cost more than ordinary desks. Some employees at Firm D chose not to switch to standing desks. Employees who switched said they liked the standing desks. After switching to standing desks, the employees tended to eat more and exercise less outside working hours than they had before.

Tuzoqlar

⚠️ Tuzoq: Chuqurlashtiruvchi — ziddiyatni yana kuchliroq qiladi («kampaniya eng muvaffaqiyatlisi edi»). Bir tomonlama — faqat bitta faktni tushuntiradi («reklama koʻpaydi» → savdo oshdi, lekin ulush?). Takrorlovchi — faktlardan birini qaytadan aytadi.

📌 Eslatma: Bu savol turida «nega?» deb soʻrash tabiiy, va bizning nomzodlar koʻpincha oʻzlari bilgan «haqiqiy» sababni variantlardan qidiradi. GMATʼda toʻgʻri javob koʻpincha kutilmagan, lekin mantiqan yetarli fakt.