Role and Boldface Questions — GMAT oʻqish

Har bir gap nima ish qiladi?

Boldface savolida argumentning bir yoki ikki qismi qalin harf bilan ajratilgan, va variantlar ularning rolini tasvirlaydi: «The first is … ; the second is …». 10-darsdagi argument anatomiyasi shu yerda toʻliq ishga tushadi.

Bu savollar uzun va abstrakt koʻrinadi, lekin aslida ularning kaliti bitta: muallifning asosiy xulosasi qaysi? Uni topsangiz, har bir qismni unga nisbatan joylashtirasiz.

⏱ Boldface — ~2 daqiqa

Usul

1. Qalin qismlarga qaramay, argumentni oʻqing va muallifning asosiy xulosasini toping. Ehtiyot boʻling: argument boshida koʻpincha boshqalarning fikri turadi («Some analysts predict…»).

2. Har bir qalin qismni belgilang: X — muallifning xulosasi, D — unga dalil, Q — muallif qarshi chiqqan fikr yoki uning dalili, T — tushuntirish.

3. Avval birinchi qism boʻyicha variantlarni chiqarib tashlang, keyin qolganlarini ikkinchi qism boʻyicha.

4. «Fact» va «view» farqiga qarang: muallif faktni rad etmaydi — undan boshqalar chiqargan xulosani rad etadi.

Ishlangan namuna

A new study claims that drinking two cups of green tea a day lowers the risk of heart disease. The study, however, compared tea drinkers with people who drink no tea without considering that the tea drinkers in its sample also exercised more. So the study does not show that green tea itself lowers the risk.

Muallifning xulosasi — «So…» dan keyingi gap: tadqiqot isbotlamaydi. Demak ikkinchi qism = X. Birinchi qism — tadqiqotning daʼvosi, muallif uni shubha ostiga qoʻyadi = Q. Toʻgʻri variant: «The first is a claim that the argument calls into question; the second is the argument's main conclusion.»

💡 Maslahat: Variantlarni toʻliq oʻqimang: avval «The first is…» qismini tekshirib, ikki-uchtasini chiqarib tashlang. Qolganlarini faqat ikkinchi yarmi boʻyicha solishtiring.

Some analysts predict that the opening of a large discount store will drive the small shops on Bobur Street out of business. This prediction is likely to prove mistaken. The small shops on Bobur Street sell mostly handmade goods that the discount store does not stock, and in other cities, specialised shops near new discount stores have often gained customers from the extra foot traffic.

In the argument, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?

⏱ ~2 daqiqa

The first is the main conclusion of the argument; the second is evidence offered in support of that conclusion. The first is the main conclusion of the argument; the second is a consideration that weighs against that conclusion. The first is a prediction that the argument rejects; the second is evidence for that prediction. The first is an intermediate conclusion; the second is the main conclusion. The first is evidence offered for the main conclusion; the second is that conclusion.

Many economists expected that lowering interest rates would quickly raise business investment. Yet in the year after the central bank cut rates, investment hardly changed. The reason is that firms were already operating well below capacity: with idle factories, few firms needed to build new ones, whatever the cost of borrowing.

In the argument, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?

⏱ ~2 daqiqa

The first is an expectation that the argument says was not met; the second is the argument's explanation of why it was not met. The first is evidence that the argument uses against the economists; the second is a view that the argument rejects. The first is an expectation that the argument says was met; the second explains why it was met. The first and the second are both evidence offered for the same conclusion. The first is the argument's main conclusion; the second is evidence for that conclusion.

The city's plan to raise parking fees downtown will reduce traffic congestion there. Many drivers who now park downtown say they would take the bus if parking cost more, and the bus routes into downtown currently run well below capacity, so they can absorb the extra riders.

The portion in boldface plays which of the following roles in the argument?

⏱ ~2 daqiqa

It is evidence that the argument says is unreliable. It is an objection that the argument goes on to answer. It is the argument's main conclusion. It is evidence offered in support of the argument's main conclusion. It is an intermediate conclusion supported by the claim about the bus routes.

A new study claims that drinking two cups of green tea a day lowers the risk of heart disease. The study, however, compared tea drinkers with people who drink no tea without considering that the tea drinkers in its sample also exercised more. So the study does not show that green tea itself lowers the risk.

In the argument, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?

⏱ ~2 daqiqa

The first is a claim that the argument calls into question; the second is the argument's main conclusion. The first is a claim that the argument accepts as true; the second is a consideration that weighs against it. The first is evidence for the argument's main conclusion; the second is that conclusion. The first and the second are both conclusions that the argument rejects. The first is the argument's main conclusion; the second is evidence for that conclusion.

Online retailers' share of clothing sales has grown every year for a decade. Some conclude from this that physical clothing stores will soon disappear. But many shoppers still want to try clothes on before they buy them, and online retailers' return rates for clothing remain high. So physical stores are likely to remain important for years to come.

In the argument, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?

⏱ ~2 daqiqa

The first is the argument's main conclusion; the second is an objection to that conclusion. The first is a fact that others use to support a view the argument rejects; the second is evidence for the argument's main conclusion. The first is a fact that the argument disputes; the second is evidence for the argument's main conclusion. The first is a view that the argument rejects; the second is the argument's main conclusion. The first is evidence for the argument's main conclusion; the second is that conclusion.

Tuzoqlar

⚠️ Tuzoq: Boshqalarning xulosasi — «Some conclude…» dan keyingi gap muallifniki emas. Teskari tartib — toʻgʻri rollar, notoʻgʻri ketma-ketlik. «Disputes» vs «rejects the view» — faktni rad etish va undan chiqarilgan xulosani rad etish — har xil.

📌 Eslatma: Oʻzbek tilida «lekin» va «biroq» koʻpincha gap ichidagi kichik burilish; inglizcha But, However, Yet esa boldface argumentlarida koʻpincha muallifning oʻz pozitsiyasi boshlanadigan joy.

Kalit soʻzlar

boldface

qalin harf bilan ajratilgan

calls into question

shubha ostiga qoʻyadi

weighs against

… ga qarshi turadi

expectation

kutilma

intermediate conclusion

oraliq xulosa

objection

eʼtiroz

Xulosa

Avval muallifning xulosasini toping.
Har qismni X / D / Q / T bilan belgilang.
Variantlarni avval birinchi yarmi, keyin ikkinchi yarmi boʻyicha chiqarib tashlang.
Faktni va undan chiqarilgan fikrni farqlang.

Powerty'ni o'rnatish

GMAT Verbal 24: Role and Boldface Questions

Har bir gap nima ish qiladi?

Usul

Ishlangan namuna

Tuzoqlar

Kalit soʻzlar

Xulosa