Grammar bank · Grammatika bazasi

116 grammar patterns for IELTS — meaning, where it attaches, examples and the near-synonyms you keep mixing up.

Qanday ishlatiladi: bitta grammatikani qidirsangiz — yuqoridagi qidiruvdan yozing. Bir-biriga o‘xshash grammatikalarni solishtirish uchun “Ma’nosi bo‘yicha” ko‘rinishiga o‘ting: bir xil ma’noli barcha shakllar (masalan, hamma sabab grammatikalari) yonma-yon turadi. Har qatordagi “Batafsil” ni bosing — namunalar, farqi va tez-tez qilinadigan xatolar ochiladi.
Ko‘rinish
Turi bo‘yicha Ma’nosi bo‘yicha (sinonimlar)
Band daraja
Band 5 5 Band 5.5 15 Band 6 25 Band 6.5 31 Band 7 22 Band 7.5+ 18
Ma’no guruhi
Sabab — Cause 2 Natija — Result & consequence 3 Qarama-qarshilik — Contrast 5 Qarshi qo‘yish — Concession 3 Shart — Condition 8 Vaqt va ketma-ketlik — Time & sequence 15 Maqsad — Purpose 3 Qiyoslash — Comparison 7 O‘zgarish va tendensiya — Trend & change 2 Daraja va miqdor — Degree & quantity 10 Ehtiyotkor fikr — Hedging 5 Ta’kid — Emphasis 5 Misol keltirish — Exemplification 1 Umumlashtirish — Summarising 1 Ishora va o‘rin bosish — Reference 3 Sanash va qo‘shish — Listing & addition 4 Taxmin — Speculation 3 Majburiyat va ruxsat — Obligation 7 Imkoniyat — Possibility & ability 1 Ko‘chirma gap — Reported speech 2 Baho va munosabat — Attitude 1 Gap bo‘lagi — Sentence element 25
Grammatik turi
Zamonlar — Tenses & aspect 14 Modal fe’llar — Modals 12 Ergash gaplar — Clauses 12 Shart gaplar — Conditionals 11 Majhul nisbat va nominalizatsiya — Passive 8 Artikl va aniqlovchilar — Articles & determiners 11 Predloglar — Prepositions 11 Qiyoslash shakllari — Comparison 9 Fe’l qoliplari — Gerunds & infinitives 8 Bog‘lash vositalari — Linking & cohesion 12 Murakkab tuzilmalar — Advanced structures 8
9 / 116 shown Filtrlarni tozalash

Qiyoslash — Comparison

7 ta
Grammatika Daraja Ma’nosi Qo‘shilishi Namuna O‘xshashlari
comparative ★★★ 2 qiyosiy daraja — «... roq, ... dan ko‘ra» adj-er / more + adj + than Rural households consumed far less electricity than urban ones. Qishloq xonadonlari shahar xonadonlariga qaraganda ancha kam elektr iste’mol qildi. superlative as … as significantly / slightly + comparative
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

Bir bo‘g‘inli sifat → -er (higher, larger, bigger) · ikki va undan ko‘p bo‘g‘in → more (more expensive). -y bilan tugasa: happier. Noto‘g‘ri shakllar: good → better, bad → worse, far → further.

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

Task 1 da raqamlarni sanab chiqish emas, solishtirish ball beradi: Spending on housing was considerably higher than spending on transport throughout the period.

⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato

❌ more higher → ✅ higher (ikki marta qiyoslamang) · ❌ higher then → ✅ higher than (then = keyin, than = dan).

Namunalar

  • Rural households consumed far less electricity than urban ones. Qishloq xonadonlari shahar xonadonlariga qaraganda ancha kam elektr iste’mol qildi.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

To‘liq sahifasi
superlative ★★★ 2 orttirma daraja — «eng ...» the + adj-est / the most + adj The most striking feature of the graph is the sharp rise after 2010. Grafikning eng ko‘zga tashlanadigan jihati — 2010-yildan keyingi keskin o‘sish. comparative most / most of / the most
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

the majburiy: the highest, the most significant. Keyin ko‘pincha of yoki in: the highest of the four countries, the largest city in the region.

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

Task 1 ning umumiy xulosasi (overview) deyarli doim superlativ bilan yoziladi: Overall, China recorded the highest level of consumption, while Brazil saw the sharpest decline.

«Ikkinchi o‘rin» uchun: the second-highest, the next largest.

⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato

❌ Japan had highest figure → ✅ the highest figure — superlativda the tushib qolmaydi.

Namunalar

  • The most striking feature of the graph is the sharp rise after 2010. Grafikning eng ko‘zga tashlanadigan jihati — 2010-yildan keyingi keskin o‘sish.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

To‘liq sahifasi
as … as ★★☆ 3 tenglik — «... kabi, ... darajada» as + adj/adv + as Solar power was almost as widespread as wind power by the end of the period. Davr oxiriga kelib quyosh energiyasi shamol energiyasi kabi keng tarqalgan edi. comparative twice / three times as many as
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

as + sifat/ravish (asl shakl) + as. Inkor: not as … as yoki not so … as. Miqdor bilan: as many … as (sanaladigan), as much … as (sanalmas).

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

Karra bilan birga Task 1 ning eng kuchli qolipini beradi: Germany consumed twice as much energy as Italy.

Yaqin, lekin teng bo‘lmagan raqamlar uchun: almost as … as, just as … as, nearly as … as.

⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato

❌ as higher as → ✅ as high as — orasida qiyosiy shakl ishlatilmaydi.

Namunalar

  • Solar power was almost as widespread as wind power by the end of the period. Davr oxiriga kelib quyosh energiyasi shamol energiyasi kabi keng tarqalgan edi.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

To‘liq sahifasi
twice / three times as many as ★★★ 4 karrali qiyos — «ikki baravar ko‘p, uch baravar» twice/three times + as many/much + as By 2015, three times as many households had broadband as in 2005. 2015-yilga kelib keng polosali internetga ega xonadonlar 2005-yildagidan uch baravar ko‘p edi. as … as comparative
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

twice (2×) · three times (3×) · half (½) + as many/much … as. Muqobil shakl: double / triple (fe’l), a threefold increase (ot birikmasi).

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

Bir xil raqamni turlicha aytishning uch yo‘li — Task 1 da uchalasini aralashtiring:

France produced twice as much as Spain.
Output in France was double that of Spain.
France recorded a twofold advantage over Spain.

⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato

❌ twice more than → ✅ twice as much as yoki ✅ twice the amount.

Namunalar

  • By 2015, three times as many households had broadband as in 2005. 2015-yilga kelib keng polosali internetga ega xonadonlar 2005-yildagidan uch baravar ko‘p edi.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

  • as … as — bu — as…as ning karrali varianti
  • comparative — comparative = qancha farq; karrali qiyos = necha baravar
To‘liq sahifasi
compared with / in comparison with ★★☆ 4 qiyoslash iborasi — «... bilan solishtirganda» Compared with X, Y + V In comparison with 1990, energy use per household has fallen by a fifth. 1990-yil bilan solishtirganda, har bir xonadonning energiya sarfi beshdan birga kamaydi. whereas / while in contrast / on the other hand
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

compared with / to + ot · in comparison with + ot · by comparison (yolg‘iz, jumla boshida). Gap boshida kelsa vergul qo‘yiladi.

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

Task 1 da uchinchi xatboshini boshlashning tabiiy yo‘li: Compared with European countries, Asian economies showed a far steeper rise.

⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato

❌ Compared with Japan is higher → ✅ Compared with Japan, the figure is higher — compared with ot oladi.

Namunalar

  • In comparison with 1990, energy use per household has fallen by a fifth. 1990-yil bilan solishtirganda, har bir xonadonning energiya sarfi beshdan birga kamaydi.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

To‘liq sahifasi
the more … the more ★☆☆ 6 parallel o‘zgarish — «qancha ... shuncha ...» The + comparative …, the + comparative … The higher the level of education, the lower the unemployment rate tends to be. Ta’lim darajasi qanchalik yuqori bo‘lsa, ishsizlik darajasi shunchalik past bo‘ladi. comparative
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

Ikkala qismda ham the + qiyosiy shakl: The more people commute by car, the worse congestion becomes. Ikkinchi qismdan oldin vergul.

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

Sabab-natijani ixcham va ta’sirchan qilib beradi — Task 2 tanasida bitta shunday gap Grammatical Range uchun yaxshi dalil.

⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato

❌ More people work from home, less traffic there is — the tushib qolgan: ✅ The more people work from home, the less traffic there is.

Namunalar

  • The higher the level of education, the lower the unemployment rate tends to be. Ta’lim darajasi qanchalik yuqori bo‘lsa, ishsizlik darajasi shunchalik past bo‘ladi.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

  • comparative — bu — qiyosiy shaklning juftlangan, ta’sirchan varianti
To‘liq sahifasi
outweigh ★★☆ 5 ustun kelmoq — «foydasi zararidan ko‘p» X outweigh(s) Y The long-term environmental benefits far outweigh the initial financial costs. Uzoq muddatli ekologik foyda dastlabki moliyaviy xarajatlardan ancha ustun. comparative
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

outweigh — fe’l, to‘g‘ridan-to‘g‘ri to‘ldiruvchi oladi (predlogsiz): The benefits outweigh the drawbacks. Kuchaytirish: far outweigh, clearly outweigh.

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

«Advantages and disadvantages» tipidagi savolning xulosasi aynan shu so‘z bilan yoziladi — savol matnining o‘zi ham shuni so‘raydi. Tayyor qolip: In my view, the advantages of X far outweigh its disadvantages, provided that …

⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato

❌ The benefits outweigh than the drawbacks → ✅ outweigh the drawbacks.

Namunalar

  • The long-term environmental benefits far outweigh the initial financial costs. Uzoq muddatli ekologik foyda dastlabki moliyaviy xarajatlardan ancha ustun.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

  • comparative — outweigh = «ustun kelmoq» ma’nosini bitta fe’lda beradi
To‘liq sahifasi

Daraja va miqdor — Degree & quantity

2 ta
Grammatika Daraja Ma’nosi Qo‘shilishi Namuna O‘xshashlari
significantly / slightly + comparative ★★★ 4 farqning hajmi — «ancha ko‘proq, biroz kamroq» much/far/slightly + comparative + than Wages rose slightly faster in the private sector than in the public sector. Ish haqi xususiy sektorda davlat sektoridagiga qaraganda biroz tezroq o‘sdi. comparative adverbs of degree (Task 1)
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

Katta farq: far · much · considerably · significantly · substantially + qiyosiy shakl. Kichik farq: slightly · marginally · a little. ⚠️ very qiyosiy shakl bilan ishlatilmaydi: ❌ very higher.

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

Bu ravishlarsiz Task 1 quruq bo‘ladi. Ular tekshiruvchiga siz raqamlarni talqin qila olishingizni ko‘rsatadi: The figure for Japan was marginally higher than that for Korea, whereas China’s was far greater than both.

⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato

❌ very more expensive → ✅ much more expensive.

Namunalar

  • Wages rose slightly faster in the private sector than in the public sector. Ish haqi xususiy sektorda davlat sektoridagiga qaraganda biroz tezroq o‘sdi.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

To‘liq sahifasi
adverbs of degree (Task 1) ★★★ 3 o‘zgarish tezligi va hajmi — «keskin, barqaror, sekin» verb + adverb · adjective + noun The number of visitors fell dramatically after 2008 before recovering gradually. Tashrif buyuruvchilar soni 2008-yildan keyin keskin tushdi, so‘ng asta-sekin tiklandi. significantly / slightly + comparative
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

Ikki xil aytiladi, ma’no bir xil: fe’l + ravish — rose sharply · sifat + ot — a sharp rise. Juftlar: sharp/sharply · dramatic/dramatically · steady/steadily · gradual/gradually · slight/slightly · rapid/rapidly.

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

Task 1 da bir xil so‘zni takrorlamaslikning eng oson yo‘li — ikki qolipni almashtirib turish: Sales increased sharply in 2005, followed by a gradual decline over the next five years.

⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato

❌ increased sharp → ✅ increased sharply (fe’lga ravish kerak) · ❌ a sharply increase → ✅ a sharp increase (otga sifat).

Namunalar

  • The number of visitors fell dramatically after 2008 before recovering gradually. Tashrif buyuruvchilar soni 2008-yildan keyin keskin tushdi, so‘ng asta-sekin tiklandi.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

To‘liq sahifasi