SAT R&W 71: The Blank Is Always at the End — Reading Toward It

O'qish Mantiqiy xulosa (Inferences) 2-dars, jami 5
Shu mavzudagi darslar · 2/5
  1. SAT R&W 70: Inferences — “Which Choice Most Logically Completes the Text?”
  2. SAT R&W 71: The Blank Is Always at the End — Reading Toward It
  3. 3 SAT R&W 72: Inference vs Outside Knowledge — Staying Inside the 60 Words
  4. 4 SAT R&W 73: Hedged Conclusions — may, suggests, is likely to
  5. 5 SAT R&W 74: Inferences — Mixed Practice

Oxirini bilib o'qish

Inferences savolining bitta bepul afzalligi bor: siz bo'sh joy qayerdaligini oldindan bilasiz. U har doim oxirida.

Bu o'qish usulini o'zgartiradi. Siz matnni «nima haqda ekan?» deb emas, «bu jumla xulosaga nima qo'shyapti?» deb o'qiysiz. Har jumla — dalilning bir bo'lagi, va oxirida ular yig'iladi.

⏱ ~70 soniya

Bo'sh joydan oldingi so'zlarni birinchi o'qing

63-darsdagi qoida bu yerda ham ishlaydi, va bu yerda u yanada foydaliroq: bo'sh joydan oldingi bir-ikki so'z javobning shaklini aytadi.

Bo'sh joydan oldinJavob nima bo'ladi
therefore · it follows thatFaktlardan majburiy chiqadigan xulosa
suggests that · indicates thatEhtiyotkor xulosa — «isbotladi» emas
only if · unlessShart: xulosa emas, balki kerakli sharoit
this is becauseSabab — oldingi gapni tushuntiradi
what the finding shows is thatTadqiqotning ma'nosi, natijasi emas
would have toZaruriy shart: «bu rost bo'lishi uchun nima kerak?»
⚠️ Tuzoq: only if va would have to — eng ko'p chalkashtiradiganlari. Ular xulosa emas, shart so'raydi. «Bu gipoteza to'g'ri bo'lishi uchun yana nima rost bo'lishi kerak?» Bu boshqa savol, va boshqa javob turini talab qiladi.

Ishlangan namuna

A manuscript in a monastery library is written on parchment whose surface shows the faint traces of an earlier text that was scraped away. Under ultraviolet light the older writing can be read: it is a mathematical treatise. Parchment was expensive and was regularly reused, and a scribe reusing a sheet chose the text he valued less. For the monastery to have scraped this particular sheet, it would have to be true that

Which choice most logically completes the text?

  1. the mathematical treatise was the only copy then in existence.
  2. the monastery valued the text it wrote on the sheet more highly than the treatise it removed.
  3. the scribe who scraped the sheet was unable to read mathematics.
  4. parchment had become more expensive than it had been in earlier centuries.
⏱ ~70 soniya

Yechim

1-qadam — bo'sh joydan oldingi so'zlar: it would have to be true that. Jadvalga ko'ra bu xulosa emas, shart. Savol: «monastir shu varaqni qirib tashlagan bo'lsa, yana nima rost bo'lishi kerak?»

2-qadam — matnning qoidasi: a scribe reusing a sheet chose the text he valued less. Bu qoida berilgan, va uni faktga qo'llash kerak.

3-qadam — qo'llaymiz: matematik risola qirib tashlangan. Qoida bo'yicha, qirib tashlangan matn — kamroq qadrlangani. Demak ustiga yozilgani ko'proq qadrlangan.

TO‘G‘RIthe monastery valued the text it wrote on the sheet more highly than the treatise it removed — matnda berilgan qoidaning bu holatga to'g'ridan-to'g'ri qo'llanishi. would have to be true aynan shuni so'raydi: bu shart bo'lmasa, qirish sodir bo'lmasdi.
TUZOQthe scribe who scraped the sheet was unable to read mathematics — yangi ma'lumot, va u qoidaga ham zid: qoida qadrlash haqida, o'qiy olish haqida emas. Savodsiz kotib ham baholay olardi.
TUZOQthe mathematical treatise was the only copy then in existence — matndan kuchliroq. Nusxalar soni umuman muhokama qilinmaydi — va agar bu yagona nusxa bo'lsa, monastir uni qadrsiz deb hisoblagani g'alatiroq bo'lardi.
TUZOQparchment had become more expensive than it had been in earlier centuries — matn pergament qimmat ekanini aytadi, lekin uning qimmatlashganini emas. Va narx o'zgarishi shu varaqning tanlanishini tushuntirmaydi.
📌 Eslatma: Bu shakl — palimpsest deb ataladi: qirib tashlangan va ustiga qayta yozilgan pergament. Ultrabinafsha nur ostida eski matn o'qilishi mumkin, va bu yo'l bilan yo'qolgan deb hisoblangan asarlar topilgan. Ammo yana o'sha qoida: mavzuni bilish javobni bermaydi.

Sourdough starters kept in different bakeries develop different mixtures of yeasts and bacteria, and bakers often say the difference comes from the air of the room. When several starters were moved to a single laboratory and fed identical flour on an identical schedule, each kept the mixture it had arrived with for months. If the bakers' explanation were correct, the starters would have been expected to

Which choice most logically completes the text?

A city's bus lanes operate only between seven and ten in the morning. Outside those hours the lane is open to all traffic, and a bus travelling the route at midday takes about the same time as a car. Between seven and ten the bus is faster than a car on the same journey by roughly a third. The operator wants to know whether extending the lane's hours would speed up the evening service, and the answer depends on whether

Which choice most logically completes the text?

Handwritten shop ledgers from a nineteenth-century town record the price of bread week by week for forty years. The figures rise sharply in three separate years. In two of those years the town's newspaper reports a failed harvest in the surrounding district. For the third, the newspaper for that year has not survived, though the ledgers of two neighbouring towns show no rise at all. Taken together, the sources suggest that the third rise

Which choice most logically completes the text?

A museum introduced late opening on Thursday evenings and wants to know whether it has reached people who would not otherwise have come. Attendance on Thursday evenings is high. The museum’s total attendance for the month, however, is almost exactly what it was before the late openings began. The late openings will have brought in new visitors only if

Which choice most logically completes the text?

Kalit so'zlar — Key vocabulary

it would have to be true that ~
~ rost bo'lishi shart bo'lardi (shart so'raydi)
the answer depends on whether ~
javob ~ ga bog'liq
would have been expected to ~
~ qilishi kutilardi
parchment
pergament (teridan yasalgan yozuv materiali)
to scrape away
qirib tashlamoq
a starter (sourdough)
xamirturush, achitqi
congestion
tirbandlik
a ledger
hisob daftari

Xulosa

  • Bo'sh joy oxirida — demak har jumlani «bu xulosaga nima qo'shyapti?» deb o'qing.
  • Bo'sh joydan oldingi so'zlar javobning shaklini aytadi.
  • only if · would have to · depends on whether = shart so'raydi, xulosa emas.
  • If … were correct, … would be expected to = gipotezaning bashorati.
  • Bir dalil yo'q deyilsa — muallifning o'rinbosar dalilini qidiring.
Rivojlanishni kuzatish uchun kiring
Oldingi SAT R&W 70: Inferences — “Which Choice Most Logically Completes the Text?”
Keyingi SAT R&W 72: Inference vs Outside Knowledge — Staying Inside the 60 Words
Mantiqiy xulosa (Inferences)
  1. SAT R&W 70: Inferences — “Which Choice Most Logically Completes the Text?”
  2. SAT R&W 71: The Blank Is Always at the End — Reading Toward It
  3. 3 SAT R&W 72: Inference vs Outside Knowledge — Staying Inside the 60 Words
  4. 4 SAT R&W 73: Hedged Conclusions — may, suggests, is likely to
  5. 5 SAT R&W 74: Inferences — Mixed Practice