SAT R&W W53: Past Perfect and Present Perfect — When the SAT Wants Them

Yozish Fe'l shakllari (Form, Structure and Sense — verbs) 4-dars, jami 6
Shu mavzudagi darslar · 4/6
  1. SAT R&W W50: Subject-Verb Agreement — Finding the Real Subject
  2. SAT R&W W51: Prepositional Phrases and Other Words Hiding the Subject
  3. SAT R&W W52: Verb Tense From Context — The Timeline in the Passage
  4. SAT R&W W53: Past Perfect and Present Perfect — When the SAT Wants Them
  5. 5 SAT R&W W54: Non-Finite Forms — -ing, to + verb, and the Missing Main Verb
  6. 6 SAT R&W W55: Verbs — Mixed Practice

Ikki perfect, ikki shart

Perfect zamonlar o'zbek o'quvchi uchun qiyin, chunki ular o'zbek tilida bir xil shaklda tarjima qilinadi. Lekin ingliz tilida ularning har biri aniq bir shart talab qiladi, va shart bo'lmasa — ular xato.

ShaklShartiBelgisi
Past perfect
had + V3		Matnda ikkita o'tgan voqea bor, va bu ertarog'iby the time · before · already · when X happened, Y had…
Present perfect
has/have + V3		O'tmishda boshlanib bugungacha davom etgan yoki bugun ahamiyatlisince · for · over the past · so far · already · never
⚠️ Tuzoq: Ikki eng ko'p uchraydigan xato:
1. Past perfect bitta o'tgan voqea bilan: The mill had closed in 1962. ✗ — ikkinchi voqea yo'q, oddiy o'tgan zamon kerak.
2. Present perfect aniq sana bilan: has closed in 1962 ✗ — 52-darsdagi qoida.
⏱ ~35 soniya

Past perfect: zanjirning ertarog'i

📝 Namuna:

When the box was opened in 1948, every page was legible.
→ ikki voqea bir vaqtda: ochildi va o'qildi.

When the box was opened in 1948, the cellar had stood open to the weather for two winters.
→ ikki voqea, va turish ochilishdan oldin bo'lgan. Past perfect.

Sinov: matnda ikkinchi o'tgan voqea bormi, va bu undan oldinmi? Ikkala javob ham «ha» bo'lsa — past perfect. Aks holda oddiy o'tgan zamon.

Ishlangan namuna

The cuneiform tablets in the palace archive were baked hard by the fire that destroyed the building in about 1200 BCE. Ordinary tablets were left to dry rather than fired, and by the time the fire reached the room the clay for perhaps forty years without hardening at all.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

  1. sat
  2. had sat
  3. has sat
  4. sits

Ikki o'tgan voqea bormi? Ha: (1) yong'in xonaga yetdi; (2) loy qirq yil turdi.

Qaysi biri erta? Turish — yong'indan oldin. Va matn buni ochiq aytadi: by the time the fire reached the room.

TO‘G‘RIhad sat — past perfect: by the time ikki voqeani tartibga soladi, va loyning turishi ertaroq. Ikkala shart ham bajarilgan.
TUZOQsat — oddiy o'tgan zamon — ikki voqeani bir vaqtga qo'yadi va by the time ning ma'nosini yo'q qiladi.
TUZOQhas sat — present perfect bugungacha davom etishni bildiradi — lekin loy 1200-yilda pishib bo'lgan.
TUZOQsits — hozirgi zamon; matn butunlay o'tmishda.
📌 Eslatma: by the time · before · after · already · when — bu so'zlar ikki o'tgan voqeani tartibga soladi, va ular past perfect ning eng ishonchli belgilaridir. Ular bo'lmasa, past perfect ga shubha bilan qarang.

Tram wires were taken down in the city centre in 1962 and the rails tarred over. The transport museum for the return of a single line for more than a decade, and it now has a working car waiting in a shed for the day.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Marie Tharp finished the first sheet of her ocean-floor map in 1957. By then she more than ten thousand separate depth soundings by hand, and she was not permitted aboard a research ship until 1965.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

The dye works closed in 1948 when the last of the family died without an apprentice. Its recipes in a book that nobody outside the household was allowed to open, and the book has never been found.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Fewer than eight hundred Mediterranean monk seals are thought to survive. The species on an open beach since the 1980s, and every birth recorded in the past twenty years has taken place inside a sea cave.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Kalit so'zlar — Key vocabulary

past perfect (had + V3)
ikki o'tgan voqeaning ertarog'i
present perfect (has/have + V3)
o'tmishda boshlanib bugungacha davom etgan
by the time / by then
~ ga kelib (past perfect belgisi)
since / for
~ dan beri / ~ davomida (present perfect belgisi)
a depth sounding
chuqurlik o'lchovi
to campaign for ~
~ uchun kurash olib bormoq
an apprentice
shogird
to tar over
asfalt bilan yopib tashlamoq

Xulosa

  • Past perfect: matnda ikkita o'tgan voqea bor va bu ertarog'i.
  • Present perfect: bugungacha davom etgan — since · for · over the past.
  • Tartiblovchi so'z yo'q bo'lsa, past perfect xato: oddiy o'tgan zamon.
  • Aniq sana + present perfect = xato (52-dars).
  • Perfect «rasmiyroq» degani emas — u shartli shakl.
Rivojlanishni kuzatish uchun kiring
Oldingi SAT R&W W52: Verb Tense From Context — The Timeline in the Passage
Keyingi SAT R&W W54: Non-Finite Forms — -ing, to + verb, and the Missing Main Verb
Fe'l shakllari (Form, Structure and Sense — verbs)
  1. SAT R&W W50: Subject-Verb Agreement — Finding the Real Subject
  2. SAT R&W W51: Prepositional Phrases and Other Words Hiding the Subject
  3. SAT R&W W52: Verb Tense From Context — The Timeline in the Passage
  4. SAT R&W W53: Past Perfect and Present Perfect — When the SAT Wants Them
  5. 5 SAT R&W W54: Non-Finite Forms — -ing, to + verb, and the Missing Main Verb
  6. 6 SAT R&W W55: Verbs — Mixed Practice