GMAT-29: Data Sufficiency — Traps and Hidden Constraints
C tuzogʻi, bir maʼlumotning ikki koʻrinishi, butunlik va musbatlik kabi yashirin cheklovlar.
GMAT-29: Data Sufficiency — Traps and Hidden Constraints
Data Sufficiency'da xatolarning koʻpi matematikadan emas, tuzoqlardan keladi. GMAT ularni ongli ravishda qoʻyadi: ikkala maʼlumot birga «aniq ishlaydi» degan C tuzogʻi, bir xil maʼlumotni ikki xil koʻrinishda berish, va savol matnida yashiringan cheklovlar. Bu dars uchala tuzoqni tanib olishni oʻrgatadi.
Bu darsdan keyin siz
- C tuzogʻini — bitta maʼlumot oʻzi yetarli boʻlgan holatni tanib olasiz;
- ikki xil koʻrinishdagi bir xil maʼlumotni koʻrasiz;
- «soni», «butun», «musbat» kabi yashirin cheklovlardan foydalanasiz;
- savolning oʻzi javobni berishi mumkinligini tekshirasiz.
1-tuzoq: «Birga aniq ishlaydi» (C tuzogʻi)
2-tuzoq: bir maʼlumot, ikki koʻrinish
3-tuzoq: yashirin cheklov
Exam English — savol qanday soʻraydi
- at least one of eachhar biridan kamida bitta
- the number ofsoni — musbat butun son
- exactlyaynan
- different from… dan farqli
- eachhar biri — narx yoki miqdor bir xil
GMAT savollari
GMAT-style question · Data Sufficiency 45 s
What is the price of one notebook?
(1) 3 notebooks and 2 pens cost a total of $13.
(2) 6 notebooks and 4 pens cost a total of $26.
- Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient.
- Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient.
- BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.
- EACH statement ALONE is sufficient.
- Statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient.
Yechimni koʻrish
Javob: E) Statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient.
(2) — (1) ning aynan ikki baravari; birga ham bitta tenglama, ikki nomaʼlum.
C — «ikki tenglama, ikki nomaʼlum» deb shoshilgan javob.
GMAT-style question · Data Sufficiency 75 s
A customer spent exactly $19 on pens that cost $3 each and notebooks that cost $5 each, buying at least one of each. How many pens did the customer buy?
(1) The customer bought at least 2 notebooks.
(2) The customer bought at least 2 pens.
- Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient.
- Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient.
- BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.
- EACH statement ALONE is sufficient.
- Statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient.
Yechimni koʻrish
Javob: D) EACH statement ALONE is sufficient.
Savolning oʻzi: 3p + 5n = 19 ning musbat butun yechimi faqat p = 3, n = 2. Har bir maʼlumot shu yechimga mos — har biri yolgʻiz yetarli.
E — «bitta tenglama, ikki nomaʼlum» deb butunlik cheklovini eʼtiborsiz qoldirgan javob.
C yoki E ni belgilashdan oldin uchta tekshiruv:
- maʼlumotlardan biri boshqasini oʻz ichiga olmaydimi (C tuzogʻi)?
- ikki tenglama mustaqilmi yoki biri ikkinchisining nusxasimi?
- savolda butunlik yoki musbatlik cheklovi yashiringanmi?
Birga albatta ishlaydi → C
Avval har birini alohida, keyin birga
C faqat ikkalasi ham yolgʻiz yetmagandagina.
3p + 5n = 19 — ikki nomaʼlum → yetarli emas
Butun yechimlarni sanash → yagona
Sanaladigan miqdorlar butun son — bu kuchli cheklov.
Mashq
1 What is x? (1) x + y = 5 and y = 1 (2) y = 1
Javobni koʻrish
A — Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient. (1) oʻzi y ni beradi.
2 If n is a positive integer, what is n? (1) n2 < 10 (2) n > 2
Javobni koʻrish
C — BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient. (1) — 1, 2, 3; birga 3.
3 Is x2 > x? (1) x > 1 (2) |x| > 2
Javobni koʻrish
D — EACH statement ALONE is sufficient. (2): x > 2 yoki x < −2 — ikkalasida ham «ha».
4 What is the price of one pen? (1) 2 pens and a notebook cost $8. (2) 4 pens and 2 notebooks cost $16.
Javobni koʻrish
E — Statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient. (2) — (1) ning ikki baravari.
5 A shop sold eggs in boxes of 6 and boxes of 10, 46 eggs in all. How many boxes of 10 did it sell? (1) It sold at least one box of each size. (2) It sold 5 boxes in all.
Javobni koʻrish
B — Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient. Butun yechimlar: (6 ta, 1 ta) va (1 ta, 4 ta); (2) faqat ikkinchisiga mos.
Kalit soʻzlar
- traptuzoq
- hidden constraintyashirin cheklov
- integerbutun son
- redundantortiqcha, takroriy
- independentmustaqil
- at leastkamida
- exactlyaynan
- combination of… ning birikmasi
Esda qoldiring
- Birga «oson ishlasa» — har birini yana alohida tekshiring (C tuzogʻi).
- Nusxa tenglama yangi maʼlumot emas — E boʻlishi mumkin.
- Sanaladigan narsalar — musbat butun son; butun yechimlarni sanang.
- Savolning oʻzi javobni berishi mumkin — u holda har bir maʼlumot yetarli.
- C yoki E dan oldin uchta tekshiruv.