Grammar bank · Grammatika bazasi

116 grammar patterns for IELTS — meaning, where it attaches, examples and the near-synonyms you keep mixing up.

Qanday ishlatiladi: bitta grammatikani qidirsangiz — yuqoridagi qidiruvdan yozing. Bir-biriga o‘xshash grammatikalarni solishtirish uchun “Ma’nosi bo‘yicha” ko‘rinishiga o‘ting: bir xil ma’noli barcha shakllar (masalan, hamma sabab grammatikalari) yonma-yon turadi. Har qatordagi “Batafsil” ni bosing — namunalar, farqi va tez-tez qilinadigan xatolar ochiladi.
Ko‘rinish
Turi bo‘yicha Ma’nosi bo‘yicha (sinonimlar)
Band daraja
Band 5 5 Band 5.5 15 Band 6 25 Band 6.5 31 Band 7 22 Band 7.5+ 18
Ma’no guruhi
Sabab — Cause 2 Natija — Result & consequence 3 Qarama-qarshilik — Contrast 5 Qarshi qo‘yish — Concession 3 Shart — Condition 8 Vaqt va ketma-ketlik — Time & sequence 15 Maqsad — Purpose 3 Qiyoslash — Comparison 7 O‘zgarish va tendensiya — Trend & change 2 Daraja va miqdor — Degree & quantity 10 Ehtiyotkor fikr — Hedging 5 Ta’kid — Emphasis 5 Misol keltirish — Exemplification 1 Umumlashtirish — Summarising 1 Ishora va o‘rin bosish — Reference 3 Sanash va qo‘shish — Listing & addition 4 Taxmin — Speculation 3 Majburiyat va ruxsat — Obligation 7 Imkoniyat — Possibility & ability 1 Ko‘chirma gap — Reported speech 2 Baho va munosabat — Attitude 1 Gap bo‘lagi — Sentence element 25
Grammatik turi
Zamonlar — Tenses & aspect 14 Modal fe’llar — Modals 12 Ergash gaplar — Clauses 12 Shart gaplar — Conditionals 11 Majhul nisbat va nominalizatsiya — Passive 8 Artikl va aniqlovchilar — Articles & determiners 11 Predloglar — Prepositions 11 Qiyoslash shakllari — Comparison 9 Fe’l qoliplari — Gerunds & infinitives 8 Bog‘lash vositalari — Linking & cohesion 12 Murakkab tuzilmalar — Advanced structures 8
1 / 116 shown Filtrlarni tozalash

Vaqt va ketma-ketlik — Time & sequence

1 ta
Grammatika Daraja Ma’nosi Qo‘shilishi Namuna O‘xshashlari
past perfect ★★☆ 4 o‘tgan zamondan oldingi zamon — «undan ham oldin bo‘lgan» ish S + had + V3 By 2005 the number of subscribers had exceeded ten million. 2005-yilga kelib obunachilar soni o‘n milliondan oshgan edi. past simple the third conditional
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

had + 3-shakl — barcha shaxslarda bir xil. Ko‘pincha by (by 2000), before, after, already bilan keladi.

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

Ikki o‘tgan voqeaning qaysi biri oldin bo‘lganini ko‘rsatadi. Task 1 da juda foydali: By 2010, the figure had reached its peak. — «2010-yilga kelib allaqachon cho‘qqiga chiqqan edi».

Third conditional ham shu shaklda quriladi (If they had acted…).

⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato

❌ Har bir o‘tgan gapga had qo‘shib chiqmang. Voqealar tartib bilan aytilsa, oddiy past simple yetarli.

Namunalar

  • By 2005 the number of subscribers had exceeded ten million. 2005-yilga kelib obunachilar soni o‘n milliondan oshgan edi.
  • The factory had already closed before the new law was passed. Yangi qonun qabul qilinishidan oldin zavod allaqachon yopilgan edi.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

  • past simple — past perfect = ikki o‘tgan ishning OLDINGISI; past simple = oddiy ketma-ketlik
  • the third conditional — third conditional shu shaklni <i>if</i> bilan ishlatadi
To‘liq sahifasi