past simple
o‘tgan oddiy zamon — tugagan va vaqti aytilgan ish
Qanday yasaladi
S + V-ed / V2 · S + did not + V
To‘g‘ri fe’llar -ed, noto‘g‘ri fe’llar 2-shakl (rise → rose, fall → fell, begin → began). Inkorda did not + yalang‘och fe’l: ❌ didn’t rose → ✅ didn’t rise.
Namunalar — Examples
The figure for renewable energy doubled between 2005 and 2015.
Qayta tiklanuvchi energiya ko‘rsatkichi 2005-2015 yillarda ikki baravar oshdi.
Last year I took the test for the first time.
O‘tgan yili men imtihonni birinchi marta topshirdim.
Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi
Task 1 ning asosiy zamoni, agar grafikdagi yillar o‘tib bo‘lgan bo‘lsa: Between 1990 and 2005, car ownership rose sharply. Yillar berilgan — demak past simple, present perfect emas.
Speaking Part 2 (hikoya) ham deyarli butunlay shu zamonda.
⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato
❌ In 2010 the number has increased → ✅ increased — aniq vaqt aytilgan joyda present perfect ishlatilmaydi.
O‘xshash shakllar va farqi
| present perfect | past simple = vaqt AYTILGAN (in 2010, last year); present perfect = vaqt aytilmagan, natijasi hozir muhim |
| past continuous | past simple = tugagan voqea; past continuous = o‘sha paytda davom etayotgan fon |
| past perfect | o‘tgan zamondan oldingi zamon — «undan ham oldin bo‘lgan» ish — past perfect = ikki o‘tgan ishning OLDINGISI; past simple = oddiy ketma-ketlik |
| the tense of the chart (Task 1) | Task 1 zamon tanlash qoidasi — sana o‘tganmi, hozirmi yoki bashoratmi — grafikdagi yillar o‘tgan bo‘lsa — past simple |
Shu ma’nodagi boshqa grammatikalar — Vaqt va ketma-ketlik — Time & sequence
present simple T1
present continuous T1
past continuous T3
present perfect T3
present perfect continuous T5
past perfect T4
future continuous T5
future perfect T6
would (past habit) T5
the tense of the chart (Task 1) T3
as soon as / by the time / once T4
the process passive (Task 1) T4
Hammasini jadvalda solishtirish