must / have to
majburiyat — «shart, kerak»
Qanday yasaladi
S + must + V · S + have/has to + V
must + yalang‘och fe’l (❌ must to go). have to esa zamonga qarab o‘zgaradi: had to, will have to, has to. Shuning uchun o‘tgan yoki kelasi zamonda faqat have to ishlaydi.
Namunalar — Examples
Applicants must submit their documents before the deadline.
Arizachilar hujjatlarini muddatdan oldin topshirishlari shart.
Students have to wear a uniform in most state schools.
Ko‘pchilik davlat maktablarida o‘quvchilar forma kiyishi kerak.
Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi
Farqi: must = ichki, so‘zlovchidan chiqqan majburiyat; have to = tashqi qoida yoki vaziyat talabi.
⚠️ mustn’t ≠ don’t have to. mustn’t = taqiqlangan; don’t have to = shart emas (lekin mumkin). Bu farq Listening’da ham savol bo‘lib keladi.
⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato
❌ Governments must to invest → ✅ Governments must invest.
❌ Task 2 da har jumlada must — juda buyruqona jaranglaydi. Tavsiya bersangiz should yoki ought to ishlating.
O‘xshash shakllar va farqi
| should / ought to | must = majburiyat; should = tavsiya — insho uchun should xavfsizroq |
| be required to | be required to = rasmiy, majhul ohang: akademik yozuvda tabiiy |
| need to / needn't | zaruriyat — «kerak; shart emas» — need to = zaruriyat, neytral; must = majburiyat, qat’iy |
| make / let / have (causative) | majburlash va ruxsat — «majbur qilmoq, ruxsat bermoq» — make = boshqaga majburlash; must = o‘ziga majburiyat |
Shu ma’nodagi boshqa grammatikalar — Majburiyat va ruxsat — Obligation
should / ought to T2
need to / needn't T3
modal + passive T5
it's time + past simple T6
make / let / have (causative) T4
the subjunctive (It is essential that …) T6
Hammasini jadvalda solishtirish