should / ought to
tavsiya — «kerak, ma’qul bo‘lardi»
Qanday yasaladi
S + should + V · S + ought to + V
should + yalang‘och fe’l · ought to + fe’l (yagona to oladigan modal). O‘tmish uchun: should have + V3 («qilishi kerak edi, lekin qilmadi»).
Namunalar — Examples
Schools should place greater emphasis on practical skills.
Maktablar amaliy ko‘nikmalarga ko‘proq e’tibor qaratishi kerak.
Policymakers ought to consider the long-term consequences.
Siyosat ishlab chiquvchilar uzoq muddatli oqibatlarni hisobga olishlari lozim.
Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi
Task 2 ning yechim (solution) qismidagi asosiy modal. Tayyor qolip: Governments should invest more heavily in public transport, and individuals ought to reconsider their daily habits.
Xilma-xillik uchun aralashtiring: should · ought to · it would be advisable to · the best approach would be to.
⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato
❌ I think government should to ban it → ✅ should ban it.
O‘xshash shakllar va farqi
| must / have to | should = tavsiya, yumshoq; must = majburiyat, qat’iy |
| had better | had better = ogohlantirish ohangi bor («aks holda yomon bo‘ladi») — insho uchun juda og‘zaki |
| it's time + past simple | kechikkan zaruriyat — «endi ... qiladigan vaqt keldi» — should = neytral tavsiya; it's high time = kechikkanini ta’kidlaydi |
| the subjunctive (It is essential that …) | buyruq maylining rasmiy shakli — «... bo‘lishi shart» — should = oddiy tavsiya; subjunctive = eng rasmiy shakl |
| modal + passive | majhul modal — «... qilinishi kerak / mumkin» — should + be + V3 = tavsiyani shaxssiz qiladi |
Shu ma’nodagi boshqa grammatikalar — Majburiyat va ruxsat — Obligation
must / have to T2
need to / needn't T3
modal + passive T5
it's time + past simple T6
make / let / have (causative) T4
the subjunctive (It is essential that …) T6
Hammasini jadvalda solishtirish