SAT R&W W45: Essential vs Non-Essential — The Comma That Changes the Meaning

Yozish Tinish belgilari (Boundaries — punctuation within the sentence) 6-dars, jami 7
Shu mavzudagi darslar · 6/7
  1. SAT R&W W40: The Colon — One Rule, Always the Same
  2. SAT R&W W41: The Dash — A Louder Comma, and the Pair Rule
  3. SAT R&W W42: Supplements — Commas, Dashes and Parentheses Around Extra Information
  4. SAT R&W W43: Never Mix the Pair — A Dash Cannot Close What a Comma Opened
  5. SAT R&W W44: No Comma Between Subject and Verb
  6. SAT R&W W45: Essential vs Non-Essential — The Comma That Changes the Meaning
  7. 7 SAT R&W W46: Punctuation Within the Sentence — Mixed Practice

Vergul ma'noni o'zgartiradi

Bu mavzudagi eng nozik dars. Boshqa savollarda vergul to'g'ri yoki xato edi; bu yerda ikkala variant ham grammatik jihatdan to'g'ri — lekin ular boshqa narsani anglatadi.

📝 Namuna:

The bells that were recast in 1971 are rung on feast days.

→ minorada bir nechta qo'ng'iroq bor. Faqat 1971-yilda qayta quyilganlari chalinadi. Bo'lak qaysi birini aytadi.

The bells, which were recast in 1971, are rung on feast days.

→ qo'ng'iroqlar bitta guruh. Hammasi 1971-yilda qayta quyilgan, va hammasi chalinadi. Bo'lak qo'shimcha ma'lumot.

⏱ ~40 soniya

Ikki tur, ikki qoida

Kerakli (essential)Keraksiz (non-essential)
Vergulyo'qikki tomondan
Vazifasi«Qaysi biri?» ga javob beradiQo'shimcha ma'lumot beradi
Olib tashlansaMa'no o'zgaradiMa'no saqlanadi
Olmoshithat (yoki olmoshsiz)which · who
💡 Maslahat: Eng tez belgisi: that hech qachon vergul olmaydi. Agar variantlarda , that bo'lsa — u deyarli har doim xato. which esa vergul bilan keladi (bo'lak qo'shimcha bo'lganda).

Nomlar bilan ham shunday

📝 Namuna:

Her brother Karim lives in Nukus. → uning bir nechta akasi bor; Karim degani Nukusda.

Her brother, Karim, lives in Nukus. → uning bitta akasi bor, va uning ismi Karim.

Ikkovi ham to'g'ri gap. Qaysi biri kerakligini matnning qolgan qismi aytadi — masalan agar oldingi jumlada «uning yagona akasi» deyilgan bo'lsa, vergullar kerak.

Ishlangan namuna

The archive holds four ledgers from the mill. The ledger was kept by the owner's daughter and is the only one to record wages as well as output.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

  1. that survives from the 1840s
  2. , that survives from the 1840s,
  3. , which survives from the 1840s,
  4. which survives from the 1840s

Kontekstga qarang. Birinchi jumla to'rt daftar borligini aytadi. Demak The ledger … qaysi birini nazarda tutayotganini aniqlashi kerak.

Bo'lak kerakli — u to'rttadan bittasini ajratadi. Demak vergul yo'q, va olmosh that.

TO‘G‘RIthat survives from the 1840s — kerakli bo'lak: vergulsiz va that bilan. U to'rt daftardan qaysi biri haqida gap ketayotganini aytadi.
TUZOQ, which survives from the 1840s, — grammatik jihatdan to'g'ri — lekin ma'nosi boshqa: vergullar bo'lakni qo'shimcha qiladi, ya'ni «daftar (aytgancha, u 1840-yillardan)». Bu birinchi jumladagi four ledgers ga zid: qaysi biri ekani noma'lum qoladi.
TUZOQ, that survives from the 1840s, — that hech qachon vergul olmaydi. Bu eng oson tanaladigan xato.
TUZOQwhich survives from the 1840s — which vergulsiz — ikkalasi ham noto'g'ri tomonda: which qo'shimcha bo'lak uchun, va qo'shimcha bo'lak vergul talab qiladi.
📌 Eslatma: E'tibor bering: ikkinchi variant xato emas — u boshqa gap. Bu turdagi savollarda javobni oldingi jumla beradi, grammatika emas. Kontekstsiz ikkala variant ham to'g'ri bo'lardi.

Sea otters are the only marine mammal without a layer of blubber. Their fur traps a layer of air against the skin, and an otter that cannot groom it will die of cold in water it has lived in all its life.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

The company employs three engineers, and only one of them has worked on a tunnel. The engineer was sent to the site on the first morning.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Ulugh Beg had several sons, and the succession after his death was disputed for a decade. His son was the one who eventually held Samarkand, though not for long.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

The city has kept only one of its medieval gates. The gate now carries a clock that is thirty years younger than the arch beneath it.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Kalit so'zlar — Key vocabulary

essential (restrictive)
kerakli bo'lak — vergulsiz, «qaysi biri» ni aytadi
non-essential (non-restrictive)
keraksiz bo'lak — ikki tomondan vergul
that
kerakli bo'lak uchun — HECH QACHON vergul olmaydi
which
qo'shimcha bo'lak uchun — vergul bilan
blubber
dengiz hayvonlarining yog' qatlami
to groom (fur)
(mo'ynani) tozalab parvarish qilmoq
the succession
taxt vorisligi
a ledger
hisob daftari

Xulosa

  • Vergul bo'lakni kerakli dan qo'shimcha ga aylantiradi — ma'no o'zgaradi.
  • Kerakli → vergulsiz, that. Qo'shimcha → ikki vergul, which.
  • that hech qachon vergul olmaydi.
  • Nomlar bilan ham shunday: her brother Karim ≠ her brother, Karim,
  • Javobni oldingi jumla beradi: bir nechtami yoki bittami?
Rivojlanishni kuzatish uchun kiring
Oldingi SAT R&W W44: No Comma Between Subject and Verb
Keyingi SAT R&W W46: Punctuation Within the Sentence — Mixed Practice
Tinish belgilari (Boundaries — punctuation within the sentence)
  1. SAT R&W W40: The Colon — One Rule, Always the Same
  2. SAT R&W W41: The Dash — A Louder Comma, and the Pair Rule
  3. SAT R&W W42: Supplements — Commas, Dashes and Parentheses Around Extra Information
  4. SAT R&W W43: Never Mix the Pair — A Dash Cannot Close What a Comma Opened
  5. SAT R&W W44: No Comma Between Subject and Verb
  6. SAT R&W W45: Essential vs Non-Essential — The Comma That Changes the Meaning
  7. 7 SAT R&W W46: Punctuation Within the Sentence — Mixed Practice