Grammar bank · Grammatika bazasi
116 grammar patterns for IELTS — meaning, where it attaches, examples and the near-synonyms you keep mixing up.
Artikl va aniqlovchilar — Articles & determiners
1 ta| Grammatika | Daraja | Ma’nosi | Qo‘shilishi | Namuna | O‘xshashlari |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| both / either / neither ★★☆ | 4 | ikkitalik — «ikkalasi, ikkisidan biri, ikkalasi ham emas» | both + plural · either/neither + singular | Both urban and rural areas experienced a decline in population. Ham shahar, ham qishloq hududlarida aholi soni kamaydi. | all / every / each |
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolarShakl qoidasiboth + ko‘plik (both countries are) · either / neither + birlik (neither country is) · juftlangan shakl: both … and · either … or · neither … nor.
Izoh — qachon ishlatiladiTask 1 da ikki chiziqni bitta gapda birlashtirish uchun ideal: Both figures rose steadily, although neither reached the 2005 level. ⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato❌ Neither of them are correct → rasmiy yozuvda ✅ is correct. ❌ Both of the two countries → ✅ Both countries — both ning o‘zida «ikkala» bor. Namunalar
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Bog‘lash vositalari — Linking & cohesion
3 ta| Grammatika | Daraja | Ma’nosi | Qo‘shilishi | Namuna | O‘xshashlari |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| moreover / furthermore ★★☆ | 3 | qo‘shimcha dalil — «bundan tashqari, qolaversa» | Moreover, + S + V | Furthermore, congestion charges generate revenue for public transport. Qolaversa, tirbandlik yig‘imlari jamoat transporti uchun daromad keltiradi. | firstly / secondly / finally not only … but also |
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolarShakl qoidasiMoreover / Furthermore / In addition / What is more — jumla boshida vergul bilan. In addition to + ot/-ing (bu — predlogli shakl, boshqa qolip).
Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi⚠️ Eng ko‘p suiiste’mol qilinadigan bog‘lovchilar shu. Tekshiruvchi har xatboshi Moreover bilan boshlanganini darrov sezadi va buni «mexanik» deb baholaydi. Bitta inshoda 1-2 marta yetadi; qolganida gapni mazmun bilan bog‘lang (This is not the only concern…). ⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato❌ In addition of the cost → ✅ In addition to the cost · ❌ Beside, … → ✅ Besides, … Namunalar
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| firstly / secondly / finally ★★☆ | 2 | tartib bilan sanash — «birinchidan, ikkinchidan, nihoyat» | Firstly, + S + V | Firstly, urban expansion destroys farmland; secondly, it increases commuting times. Birinchidan, shaharlarning kengayishi ekin maydonlarini yo‘q qiladi; ikkinchidan, qatnov vaqtini oshiradi. | moreover / furthermore in conclusion / overall |
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolarShakl qoidasiFirstly / Secondly / Thirdly / Finally — jumla boshida vergul bilan. Lastly ham to‘g‘ri; At last — ❌ (u «nihoyat, kutib» degani).
Izoh — qachon ishlatiladiIkki dalilli xatboshida bu ketma-ketlik strukturani aniq qiladi. Lekin butun insho Firstly… Secondly… Thirdly… bo‘lib qolsa, matn ro‘yxatga aylanadi — Coherence bahosi tushadi. Ba’zilarini mazmuniy o‘tish bilan almashtiring: A further concern is… ⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato❌ At first, education is important → ✅ Firstly, … (at first = «dastlab, keyin o‘zgardi»). Namunalar
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| not only … but also ★★☆ | 5 | ikki dalilni birlashtirish — «nafaqat ..., balki ... ham» | not only + X but also + Y | Cycling not only reduces congestion but also improves public health. Velosipedda yurish nafaqat tirbandlikni kamaytiradi, balki jamoat salomatligini ham yaxshilaydi. | moreover / furthermore inversion |
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolarShakl qoidasiIkki tarafda bir xil turdagi bo‘lak turishi shart: ot + ot, fe’l + fe’l (❌ not only cheap but also it saves time). Gap boshida kelsa inversiya talab qiladi: Not only does it save money, but it also reduces emissions.
Izoh — qachon ishlatiladiIkki foydani bitta gapda berish — ixcham va ta’sirchan. Inversiyali shakli Band 7.5+ belgisi, lekin does/did/is ni to‘g‘ri qo‘yish shart. ⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato❌ Not only it saves money… → ✅ Not only does it save money… Namunalar
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