Grammar bank · Grammatika bazasi

116 grammar patterns for IELTS — meaning, where it attaches, examples and the near-synonyms you keep mixing up.

Qanday ishlatiladi: bitta grammatikani qidirsangiz — yuqoridagi qidiruvdan yozing. Bir-biriga o‘xshash grammatikalarni solishtirish uchun “Ma’nosi bo‘yicha” ko‘rinishiga o‘ting: bir xil ma’noli barcha shakllar (masalan, hamma sabab grammatikalari) yonma-yon turadi. Har qatordagi “Batafsil” ni bosing — namunalar, farqi va tez-tez qilinadigan xatolar ochiladi.
Ko‘rinish
Turi bo‘yicha Ma’nosi bo‘yicha (sinonimlar)
Band daraja
Band 5 5 Band 5.5 15 Band 6 25 Band 6.5 31 Band 7 22 Band 7.5+ 18
Ma’no guruhi
Sabab — Cause 2 Natija — Result & consequence 3 Qarama-qarshilik — Contrast 5 Qarshi qo‘yish — Concession 3 Shart — Condition 8 Vaqt va ketma-ketlik — Time & sequence 15 Maqsad — Purpose 3 Qiyoslash — Comparison 7 O‘zgarish va tendensiya — Trend & change 2 Daraja va miqdor — Degree & quantity 10 Ehtiyotkor fikr — Hedging 5 Ta’kid — Emphasis 5 Misol keltirish — Exemplification 1 Umumlashtirish — Summarising 1 Ishora va o‘rin bosish — Reference 3 Sanash va qo‘shish — Listing & addition 4 Taxmin — Speculation 3 Majburiyat va ruxsat — Obligation 7 Imkoniyat — Possibility & ability 1 Ko‘chirma gap — Reported speech 2 Baho va munosabat — Attitude 1 Gap bo‘lagi — Sentence element 25
Grammatik turi
Zamonlar — Tenses & aspect 14 Modal fe’llar — Modals 12 Ergash gaplar — Clauses 12 Shart gaplar — Conditionals 11 Majhul nisbat va nominalizatsiya — Passive 8 Artikl va aniqlovchilar — Articles & determiners 11 Predloglar — Prepositions 11 Qiyoslash shakllari — Comparison 9 Fe’l qoliplari — Gerunds & infinitives 8 Bog‘lash vositalari — Linking & cohesion 12 Murakkab tuzilmalar — Advanced structures 8
5 / 116 shown Filtrlarni tozalash

Gap bo‘lagi — Sentence element

5 ta
Grammatika Daraja Ma’nosi Qo‘shilishi Namuna O‘xshashlari
non-defining relative clause ★★☆ 5 izohlovchi ergash gap — qo‘shimcha ma’lumot beradi (vergul bilan) , which/who + verb , Online courses, which have grown rapidly since 2020, reach students in remote areas. 2020-yildan beri jadal o‘sgan onlayn kurslar chekka hududlardagi talabalarga yetib boradi. defining relative clause
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

Har doim vergul bilan ajratiladi va that ISHLATILMAYDI: ❌ Tashkent, that is the capital… → ✅ Tashkent, which is the capital…. Butun gapga ishora qilishi ham mumkin: …, which explains the rise.

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

Task 1 uchun ajoyib vosita — raqamga izoh qo‘shadi: The figure peaked in 2008, which coincided with the financial crisis.

Bu «gapga ishora qiluvchi which» Band 7 belgisi, lekin faqat vergul bilan to‘g‘ri ishlatilsa.

⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato

❌ The number rose sharply which was surprising → vergul qo‘ying: ✅ rose sharply, which was surprising.

Namunalar

  • Online courses, which have grown rapidly since 2020, reach students in remote areas. 2020-yildan beri jadal o‘sgan onlayn kurslar chekka hududlardagi talabalarga yetib boradi.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

To‘liq sahifasi
the fact that ★★☆ 5 «... ligi» — butun gapni ot qilib ishlatish The fact that + clause + verb The fact that fees have risen has deterred many applicants. To‘lovlarning oshgani ko‘p arizachilarni chekintirdi. that-clause despite / in spite of
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

The fact that + to‘liq gap — natijada butun birikma ot bo‘lib, ega yoki to‘ldiruvchi bo‘la oladi: The fact that wages have stagnated explains the fall in demand.

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

Predloglardan keyin gap kelolmaydi — shu yerda the fact that qutqaradi: ❌ despite he is young → ✅ despite the fact that he is young.

⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato

❌ Har jumlada takrorlash matnni og‘irlashtiradi. Bitta inshoda 1-2 marta.

Namunalar

  • The fact that fees have risen has deterred many applicants. To‘lovlarning oshgani ko‘p arizachilarni chekintirdi.
  • Despite the fact that the law was passed, enforcement remains weak. Qonun qabul qilinganiga qaramay, uning ijrosi hamon zaif.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

  • that-clause — the fact that = gapni OT qiladi; that-clause = fe’lga bog‘lanadi
  • despite / in spite of — despite + the fact that = predlogdan keyin gap qo‘yishning yo‘li
To‘liq sahifasi
have / get something done ★☆☆ 5 birovga qildirish — «... qildirmoq» S + have/get + object + V3 Many companies have their products manufactured overseas. Ko‘p kompaniyalar mahsulotini chet elda ishlab chiqartiradi. make / let / have (causative)
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

have (neytral) yoki get (og‘zakiroq) + ot + 3-shakl: have a house built, get the car repaired. Ega ishni o‘zi bajarmaydi — boshqaga qildiradi.

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

Speaking’da juda tabiiy: I had my documents translated. Writing’da esa xizmatlar haqida gapirganda: Wealthier families have their children tutored privately.

⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato

❌ I repaired my laptop — bu «o‘zim ta’mirladim» degani. Ustaga bergan bo‘lsangiz: ✅ I had my laptop repaired.

Namunalar

  • Many companies have their products manufactured overseas. Ko‘p kompaniyalar mahsulotini chet elda ishlab chiqartiradi.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

To‘liq sahifasi
stop / remember / regret + -ing or to ★☆☆ 5 ma’no o‘zgaradigan juftlar — shakl ma’noni o‘zgartiradi verb + V-ing / verb + to + V The company stopped using single-use plastics in 2020. Kompaniya 2020-yilda bir martalik plastikdan foydalanishni to‘xtatdi. verb + -ing (gerund)
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

stop doing = ishni tugatdi · stop to do = boshqa ish uchun to‘xtadi
remember doing = qilganini eslaydi · remember to do = qilishni unutmadi
regret doing = qilganidan afsus · regret to say = afsus bilan xabar bermoq

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

Listening Section 3-4 da bu farq to‘g‘ridan-to‘g‘ri javobni hal qiladi: He stopped smoking (tashladi) va He stopped to smoke (chekish uchun to‘xtadi) — butunlay boshqa ma’no.

⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato

❌ I stopped to use plastic bags (agar «tashladim» demoqchi bo‘lsangiz) → ✅ I stopped using plastic bags.

Namunalar

  • The company stopped using single-use plastics in 2020. Kompaniya 2020-yilda bir martalik plastikdan foydalanishni to‘xtatdi.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

To‘liq sahifasi
there is no point in -ing ★☆☆ 5 foydasizlik — «... qilishning ma’nosi yo‘q» There is no point in + V-ing It is worth noting that the trend reversed after 2012. Shuni ta’kidlash joizki, tendensiya 2012-yildan keyin teskari o‘zgardi. preposition + -ing
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

There is no point in + -ing. Shu oiladagi boshqalar: It is worth + -ing · It is no use + -ing · have difficulty (in) + -ing · spend time + -ing.

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

Qarshi dalilni rad etishning ixcham yo‘li: There is little point in building more roads if public transport remains unreliable. no o‘rniga little qo‘ysangiz — yumshoqroq va akademikroq.

⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato

❌ It is worth to invest → ✅ It is worth investing.

Namunalar

  • It is worth noting that the trend reversed after 2012. Shuni ta’kidlash joizki, tendensiya 2012-yildan keyin teskari o‘zgardi.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

To‘liq sahifasi