defining relative clause
aniqlovchi ergash gap — qaysi narsa haqida ketayotganini belgilaydi
Qanday yasaladi
noun + who/which/that + verb
Odam → who (yoki that) · narsa → which yoki that · egalik → whose. Vergul qo‘yilmaydi. Agar who/which to‘ldiruvchi bo‘lsa, tushirib qoldirsa ham bo‘ladi: the skills (that) employers value.
Namunalar — Examples
Countries which invest in education tend to grow faster.
Ta’limga sarmoya kiritadigan davlatlar tezroq rivojlanishga moyil.
The graph shows the number of people who used public transport.
Grafik jamoat transportidan foydalangan odamlar sonini ko‘rsatadi.
Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi
Ergash gapsiz ikkita qisqa gap bo‘lardi; u bilan bitta murakkab gap chiqadi — Grammatical Range aynan shuni izlaydi:
Students who take a gap year often return more motivated.
⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato
❌ Students who they take a gap year → ✅ Students who take… — who ning o‘zi ega, ikkinchi olmosh keraksiz.
❌ People which live in cities → ✅ People who live in cities.
O‘xshash shakllar va farqi
| non-defining relative clause | defining = vergulsiz, MAJBURIY ma’lumot; non-defining = vergul bilan, qo‘shimcha ma’lumot |
| reduced relative clause | reduced = who/which tushib, -ing yoki V3 qoladi |
| preposition + which | predlogli ergash gap — «... bo‘lgan/qilinadigan» — bu — o‘sha ergash gapning predlogli, rasmiyroq varianti |
Shu ma’nodagi boshqa grammatikalar — Gap bo‘lagi — Sentence element
non-defining relative clause T5
preposition + which T6
reduced relative clause T6
that-clause T3
the fact that T5
wh-clause T4
the passive T3
have / get something done T5
nominalisation T6
there is / there are T2
a / an T1
the T2
Hammasini jadvalda solishtirish