preposition + -ing
predlogdan keyingi fe’l — doim -ing shaklida
Qanday yasaladi
preposition + V-ing
Har qanday predlogdan keyin fe’l -ing bo‘ladi: instead of building · by investing · after graduating · without considering · capable of solving. ⚠️ to ba’zan predlog: look forward to seeing, be used to living.
Namunalar — Examples
By raising fuel taxes, the government hopes to discourage unnecessary journeys.
Yoqilg‘i solig‘ini oshirish orqali hukumat keraksiz safarlarni kamaytirmoqchi.
Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi
by + -ing — Task 2 yechim qismining eng ixcham qolipi: By investing in public transport, cities can cut emissions considerably.
⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato
❌ instead of to build new roads → ✅ instead of building new roads.
O‘xshash shakllar va farqi
| verb + -ing (gerund) | bir qoidaning ikki tomoni: fe’ldan keyin ham, predlogdan keyin ham -ing |
| verb + preposition | predlogli fe’ldan keyin ham -ing keladi |
| there is no point in -ing | foydasizlik — «... qilishning ma’nosi yo‘q» — in + -ing — shu qolipdagi predlog ham -ing talab qiladi |
Shu ma’nodagi boshqa grammatikalar — Gap bo‘lagi — Sentence element
defining relative clause T3
non-defining relative clause T5
preposition + which T6
reduced relative clause T6
that-clause T3
the fact that T5
wh-clause T4
the passive T3
have / get something done T5
nominalisation T6
there is / there are T2
a / an T1
Hammasini jadvalda solishtirish