Grammar bank · Grammatika bazasi

116 grammar patterns for IELTS — meaning, where it attaches, examples and the near-synonyms you keep mixing up.

Qanday ishlatiladi: bitta grammatikani qidirsangiz — yuqoridagi qidiruvdan yozing. Bir-biriga o‘xshash grammatikalarni solishtirish uchun “Ma’nosi bo‘yicha” ko‘rinishiga o‘ting: bir xil ma’noli barcha shakllar (masalan, hamma sabab grammatikalari) yonma-yon turadi. Har qatordagi “Batafsil” ni bosing — namunalar, farqi va tez-tez qilinadigan xatolar ochiladi.
Ko‘rinish
Turi bo‘yicha Ma’nosi bo‘yicha (sinonimlar)
Band daraja
Band 5 5 Band 5.5 15 Band 6 25 Band 6.5 31 Band 7 22 Band 7.5+ 18
Ma’no guruhi
Sabab — Cause 2 Natija — Result & consequence 3 Qarama-qarshilik — Contrast 5 Qarshi qo‘yish — Concession 3 Shart — Condition 8 Vaqt va ketma-ketlik — Time & sequence 15 Maqsad — Purpose 3 Qiyoslash — Comparison 7 O‘zgarish va tendensiya — Trend & change 2 Daraja va miqdor — Degree & quantity 10 Ehtiyotkor fikr — Hedging 5 Ta’kid — Emphasis 5 Misol keltirish — Exemplification 1 Umumlashtirish — Summarising 1 Ishora va o‘rin bosish — Reference 3 Sanash va qo‘shish — Listing & addition 4 Taxmin — Speculation 3 Majburiyat va ruxsat — Obligation 7 Imkoniyat — Possibility & ability 1 Ko‘chirma gap — Reported speech 2 Baho va munosabat — Attitude 1 Gap bo‘lagi — Sentence element 25
Grammatik turi
Zamonlar — Tenses & aspect 14 Modal fe’llar — Modals 12 Ergash gaplar — Clauses 12 Shart gaplar — Conditionals 11 Majhul nisbat va nominalizatsiya — Passive 8 Artikl va aniqlovchilar — Articles & determiners 11 Predloglar — Prepositions 11 Qiyoslash shakllari — Comparison 9 Fe’l qoliplari — Gerunds & infinitives 8 Bog‘lash vositalari — Linking & cohesion 12 Murakkab tuzilmalar — Advanced structures 8
3 / 116 shown Filtrlarni tozalash

Gap bo‘lagi — Sentence element

3 ta
Grammatika Daraja Ma’nosi Qo‘shilishi Namuna O‘xshashlari
preposition + which ★☆☆ 6 predlogli ergash gap — «... bo‘lgan/qilinadigan» noun + in/for/to + which + clause The speed at which the population is ageing has alarmed policymakers. Aholining qarish tezligi siyosat ishlab chiquvchilarni tashvishga solmoqda. defining relative clause
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

Predlog which/whom dan oldin keladi: the rate at which forests disappear · the extent to which … · the way in which …. Odam bilan: whom (❌ for who → ✅ for whom).

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

«The extent to which» — IELTS savol matnining o‘zida uchraydigan ibora («To what extent do you agree?»), shuning uchun uni javobda qaytarish juda tabiiy: This essay will examine the extent to which technology has reshaped education.

Namunalar

  • The speed at which the population is ageing has alarmed policymakers. Aholining qarish tezligi siyosat ishlab chiquvchilarni tashvishga solmoqda.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

To‘liq sahifasi
reduced relative clause ★☆☆ 6 qisqargan ergash gap — «who/which + be» tushirilgan shakl noun + V-ing / V3 (+ …) The measures introduced last year have already reduced traffic by 10%. O‘tgan yili joriy etilgan choralar tirbandlikni allaqachon 10% ga kamaytirdi. defining relative clause participle clause
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

Aniq nisbat → -ing: students who study abroad = students studying abroad. Majhul → V3: the policy which was introduced in 2019 = the policy introduced in 2019.

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

Ixchamlik — akademik uslubning belgisi. Bitta insho ichida 2-3 marta ishlatilsa, matn zich va yetuk ko‘rinadi.

Task 1 da ayniqsa qulay: the figure recorded in 2010, countries experiencing rapid growth.

⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato

❌ People lived in rural areas have less access… → ✅ People living in rural areas… (odamlar o‘zi yashaydi — aniq nisbat).

Namunalar

  • The measures introduced last year have already reduced traffic by 10%. O‘tgan yili joriy etilgan choralar tirbandlikni allaqachon 10% ga kamaytirdi.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

To‘liq sahifasi
nominalisation ★★☆ 6 otlashtirish — fe’lni otga aylantirib, akademik uslub yasash verb → noun (decide → the decision) The introduction of congestion charges led to a marked reduction in traffic. Tirbandlik yig‘imining joriy etilishi transport oqimining sezilarli kamayishiga olib keldi. the passive the fact that
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

Fe’l yoki sifatni otga aylantiring va uni gapning egasi qiling: The government decided to cut spending, which affected schools. → The government’s decision to cut spending had a significant impact on schools.

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

Akademik uslubning eng ko‘zga ko‘rinadigan belgisi. Ko‘p ishlatiladigan juftlar: decide → decision · grow → growth · reduce → reduction · consume → consumption · pollute → pollution · unemployed → unemployment.

Foydasi ikki karra: matn zichlashadi va gapni ot bilan boshlash imkonini beradi — The rapid expansion of cities has placed enormous pressure on infrastructure.

⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato

❌ Haddan tashqari otlashtirish gapni o‘qib bo‘lmas qiladi: The implementation of the reduction of the utilisation of… — bitta gapda 1-2 ta ot yetarli.

Namunalar

  • The introduction of congestion charges led to a marked reduction in traffic. Tirbandlik yig‘imining joriy etilishi transport oqimining sezilarli kamayishiga olib keldi.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

  • the passive — ikkalasi ham shaxsni yashiradi — biri fe’l orqali, biri ot orqali
  • the fact that — the fact that = gapni ot qiladi; nominalisation = fe’lni ot qiladi
To‘liq sahifasi