Grammar bank · Grammatika bazasi

116 grammar patterns for IELTS — meaning, where it attaches, examples and the near-synonyms you keep mixing up.

Qanday ishlatiladi: bitta grammatikani qidirsangiz — yuqoridagi qidiruvdan yozing. Bir-biriga o‘xshash grammatikalarni solishtirish uchun “Ma’nosi bo‘yicha” ko‘rinishiga o‘ting: bir xil ma’noli barcha shakllar (masalan, hamma sabab grammatikalari) yonma-yon turadi. Har qatordagi “Batafsil” ni bosing — namunalar, farqi va tez-tez qilinadigan xatolar ochiladi.
Ko‘rinish
Turi bo‘yicha Ma’nosi bo‘yicha (sinonimlar)
Band daraja
Band 5 5 Band 5.5 15 Band 6 25 Band 6.5 31 Band 7 22 Band 7.5+ 18
Ma’no guruhi
Sabab — Cause 2 Natija — Result & consequence 3 Qarama-qarshilik — Contrast 5 Qarshi qo‘yish — Concession 3 Shart — Condition 8 Vaqt va ketma-ketlik — Time & sequence 15 Maqsad — Purpose 3 Qiyoslash — Comparison 7 O‘zgarish va tendensiya — Trend & change 2 Daraja va miqdor — Degree & quantity 10 Ehtiyotkor fikr — Hedging 5 Ta’kid — Emphasis 5 Misol keltirish — Exemplification 1 Umumlashtirish — Summarising 1 Ishora va o‘rin bosish — Reference 3 Sanash va qo‘shish — Listing & addition 4 Taxmin — Speculation 3 Majburiyat va ruxsat — Obligation 7 Imkoniyat — Possibility & ability 1 Ko‘chirma gap — Reported speech 2 Baho va munosabat — Attitude 1 Gap bo‘lagi — Sentence element 25
Grammatik turi
Zamonlar — Tenses & aspect 14 Modal fe’llar — Modals 12 Ergash gaplar — Clauses 12 Shart gaplar — Conditionals 11 Majhul nisbat va nominalizatsiya — Passive 8 Artikl va aniqlovchilar — Articles & determiners 11 Predloglar — Prepositions 11 Qiyoslash shakllari — Comparison 9 Fe’l qoliplari — Gerunds & infinitives 8 Bog‘lash vositalari — Linking & cohesion 12 Murakkab tuzilmalar — Advanced structures 8
5 / 116 shown Filtrlarni tozalash

Qarama-qarshilik — Contrast

5 ta
Grammatika Daraja Ma’nosi Qo‘shilishi Namuna O‘xshashlari
used to ★★☆ 3 o‘tmishdagi odat yoki holat — «ilgari ... edi, endi yo‘q» S + used to + V (yalang‘och) Families used to spend their evenings together. Oilalar ilgari kechqurunlarini birga o‘tkazardi. would (past habit)
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

used to + asosiy fe’l. Inkor va so‘roqda use to (didn’t use to). ⚠️ be used to + -ing butunlay boshqa narsa: «ko‘nikkan».

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

Hozir va o‘tmishni qarama-qarshi qo‘yish uchun eng ixcham vosita — Speaking Part 3 va Task 2 uchun juda foydali: People used to read newspapers; now they scroll through feeds.

⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato

❌ I am used to live here → ✅ I am used to living here (ko‘nikkanman) · ❌ I used to living → ✅ I used to live (ilgari yashardim).

Namunalar

  • Families used to spend their evenings together. Oilalar ilgari kechqurunlarini birga o‘tkazardi.
  • This area used to be farmland. Bu hudud ilgari qishloq xo‘jaligi yeri edi.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

  • would (past habit) — used to = odat HAM, holat ham; would = faqat takrorlangan harakat (❌ would be farmland)
To‘liq sahifasi
whereas / while ★★★ 4 solishtirma qarama-qarshilik — «... bo‘lsa, ... esa» S + V, whereas + S + V In 2000, 40% of homes had internet access, whereas by 2015 the figure had reached 90%. 2000-yilda uylarning 40% da internet bor edi, 2015-yilga kelib esa bu ko‘rsatkich 90% ga yetdi. although / though / even though in contrast / on the other hand
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

whereas / while + to‘liq gap. Odatda oldidan vergul qo‘yiladi. while ning ikkinchi ma’nosi ham bor («davomida»), shuning uchun aniq solishtirma uchun whereas xavfsizroq.

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

Task 1 ning eng kerakli bog‘lovchisi — ikki ustunni bitta gapda solishtiradi: Spending on housing rose steadily, whereas spending on food remained flat.

Har bir Task 1 tanasida kamida ikkita shunday gap bo‘lsin.

⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato

❌ Whereas, the figure for Japan was higher. — whereas yangi jumla boshlamaydi; u ikki qismni ichkaridan bog‘laydi.

Namunalar

  • In 2000, 40% of homes had internet access, whereas by 2015 the figure had reached 90%. 2000-yilda uylarning 40% da internet bor edi, 2015-yilga kelib esa bu ko‘rsatkich 90% ga yetdi.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

To‘liq sahifasi
however ★★★ 3 qarama-qarshilik — «biroq, lekin» (yangi jumla boshida) However, + S + V Online courses are convenient. However, they cannot replace laboratory work. Onlayn kurslar qulay. Biroq ular laboratoriya ishining o‘rnini bosa olmaydi. although / though / even though in contrast / on the other hand despite / in spite of
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

However — ravish, gaplarni bog‘lamaydi, balki yangi jumlani boshlaydi va vergul oladi. Gap o‘rtasida ishlatilsa ikki tomondan vergul: The policy, however, was abandoned.

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

Task 2 ning eng ko‘p ishlatiladigan bog‘lovchisi — aynan shuning uchun har xatboshida takrorlamang. Muqobillar: nevertheless, nonetheless, on the other hand, that said, by contrast.

⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato

❌ The plan was expensive however it worked. — however ikki gapni ulay olmaydi. ✅ … expensive; however, it worked. yoki ✅ … expensive, but it worked.

Namunalar

  • Online courses are convenient. However, they cannot replace laboratory work. Onlayn kurslar qulay. Biroq ular laboratoriya ishining o‘rnini bosa olmaydi.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

To‘liq sahifasi
in contrast / on the other hand ★★★ 4 qarama-qarshi tomon — «aksincha; boshqa tomondan» In contrast, + S + V Spending on healthcare doubled. By contrast, the education budget remained flat. Sog‘liqni saqlashga sarflangan mablag‘ ikki baravar oshdi. Aksincha, ta’lim byudjeti o‘zgarmadi. however whereas / while compared with / in comparison with
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

In contrast, / By contrast, / On the other hand, — jumla boshida, vergul bilan. On the one hand … on the other hand … juft holda ishlatiladi.

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

Task 1 da ikki guruh raqamni ajratadi: Consumption rose in Europe. In contrast, Asian figures fell steadily.

Task 2 (discussion) da ikkinchi qarashga o‘tish signali. ⚠️ On the other hand ni faqat ikki tomon haqida yozayotganda ishlating — bir tomonlama inshoda o‘rinsiz.

⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato

❌ In the other hand → ✅ On the other hand.

Namunalar

  • Spending on healthcare doubled. By contrast, the education budget remained flat. Sog‘liqni saqlashga sarflangan mablag‘ ikki baravar oshdi. Aksincha, ta’lim byudjeti o‘zgarmadi.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

To‘liq sahifasi
far from being ★☆☆ 6 kutilganning aksi — «... bo‘lish o‘rniga, aksincha» Far from + V-ing, S + V Far from reducing inequality, the reform widened the gap between rich and poor. Tengsizlikni kamaytirish o‘rniga, islohot boy va kambag‘al orasidagi tafovutni kengaytirdi. participle clause in contrast / on the other hand
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

Far from + -ing (yoki ot), keyin vergul va asosiy gap: Far from solving the problem, this policy made it worse.

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

Kuchli rad etish qolipi — qarshi fikrni faqat inkor qilibgina qolmay, uni teskarisiga aylantiradi. Xulosada yoki eng kuchli dalilingizda bir marta ishlating.

Namunalar

  • Far from reducing inequality, the reform widened the gap between rich and poor. Tengsizlikni kamaytirish o‘rniga, islohot boy va kambag‘al orasidagi tafovutni kengaytirdi.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

To‘liq sahifasi