Grammar bank · Grammatika bazasi

116 grammar patterns for IELTS — meaning, where it attaches, examples and the near-synonyms you keep mixing up.

Qanday ishlatiladi: bitta grammatikani qidirsangiz — yuqoridagi qidiruvdan yozing. Bir-biriga o‘xshash grammatikalarni solishtirish uchun “Ma’nosi bo‘yicha” ko‘rinishiga o‘ting: bir xil ma’noli barcha shakllar (masalan, hamma sabab grammatikalari) yonma-yon turadi. Har qatordagi “Batafsil” ni bosing — namunalar, farqi va tez-tez qilinadigan xatolar ochiladi.
Ko‘rinish
Turi bo‘yicha Ma’nosi bo‘yicha (sinonimlar)
Band daraja
Band 5 5 Band 5.5 15 Band 6 25 Band 6.5 31 Band 7 22 Band 7.5+ 18
Ma’no guruhi
Sabab — Cause 2 Natija — Result & consequence 3 Qarama-qarshilik — Contrast 5 Qarshi qo‘yish — Concession 3 Shart — Condition 8 Vaqt va ketma-ketlik — Time & sequence 15 Maqsad — Purpose 3 Qiyoslash — Comparison 7 O‘zgarish va tendensiya — Trend & change 2 Daraja va miqdor — Degree & quantity 10 Ehtiyotkor fikr — Hedging 5 Ta’kid — Emphasis 5 Misol keltirish — Exemplification 1 Umumlashtirish — Summarising 1 Ishora va o‘rin bosish — Reference 3 Sanash va qo‘shish — Listing & addition 4 Taxmin — Speculation 3 Majburiyat va ruxsat — Obligation 7 Imkoniyat — Possibility & ability 1 Ko‘chirma gap — Reported speech 2 Baho va munosabat — Attitude 1 Gap bo‘lagi — Sentence element 25
Grammatik turi
Zamonlar — Tenses & aspect 14 Modal fe’llar — Modals 12 Ergash gaplar — Clauses 12 Shart gaplar — Conditionals 11 Majhul nisbat va nominalizatsiya — Passive 8 Artikl va aniqlovchilar — Articles & determiners 11 Predloglar — Prepositions 11 Qiyoslash shakllari — Comparison 9 Fe’l qoliplari — Gerunds & infinitives 8 Bog‘lash vositalari — Linking & cohesion 12 Murakkab tuzilmalar — Advanced structures 8
10 / 116 shown Filtrlarni tozalash

Daraja va miqdor — Degree & quantity

10 ta
Grammatika Daraja Ma’nosi Qo‘shilishi Namuna O‘xshashlari
uncountable nouns ★★★ 3 sanalmaydigan otlar — ko‘plik shakli yo‘q much/a great deal of + uncountable Recent research suggests that early bilingualism has lasting benefits. So‘nggi tadqiqotlar erta ikki tillilik uzoq muddatli foyda berishini ko‘rsatadi. much / many / a lot of zero article
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

IELTS’da eng ko‘p adashtiradiganlari: information, advice, research, knowledge, equipment, furniture, traffic, pollution, money, work, progress, evidence — ularda -s yo‘q va fe’l birlikda.

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

Sanash uchun o‘lchov so‘zi qo‘shiladi: a piece of advice, two pieces of equipment, a great deal of research.

Ba’zi otlar ikki xil ishlaydi: experience (tajriba — sanalmas) vs an experience (bir voqea — sanaladi).

⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato

❌ many researches → ✅ much research / many studies
❌ Traffics are heavy → ✅ Traffic is heavy
❌ a lot of works → ✅ a lot of work / a lot of jobs.

Namunalar

  • Recent research suggests that early bilingualism has lasting benefits. So‘nggi tadqiqotlar erta ikki tillilik uzoq muddatli foyda berishini ko‘rsatadi.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

To‘liq sahifasi
much / many / a lot of ★★★ 2 miqdor — «ko‘p» much + uncountable · many + plural A large number of graduates now work in fields unrelated to their degree. Ko‘p sonli bitiruvchilar hozir mutaxassisligiga aloqasi yo‘q sohalarda ishlaydi. uncountable nouns few / a few / little / a little
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

many + sanaladigan ko‘plik · much + sanalmaydigan · a lot of / plenty of — ikkalasi bilan ham. Akademik yozuvda a lot of o‘rniga: a large number of (sanaladigan), a great deal of (sanalmas), numerous, considerable.

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

Tasdiq gapda yolg‘iz much g‘alati eshitiladi — There is much pollution ❌ → There is a great deal of pollution ✅. Inkor va so‘roqda esa much normal: not much progress.

⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato

❌ much people → ✅ many people · ❌ many money → ✅ much money / a great deal of money.

Namunalar

  • A large number of graduates now work in fields unrelated to their degree. Ko‘p sonli bitiruvchilar hozir mutaxassisligiga aloqasi yo‘q sohalarda ishlaydi.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

To‘liq sahifasi
few / a few / little / a little ★★☆ 4 oz miqdor — «bir oz» yoki «juda kam» (ohangi qarama-qarshi) few + plural · little + uncountable Few developing countries can afford such large-scale investment. Kam sonli rivojlanayotgan davlat bunday yirik sarmoyani ko‘tara oladi. much / many / a lot of
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

a few / a little = ijobiy ohang, «bir oz bor». few / little (artiklsiz) = salbiy ohang, «deyarli yo‘q». Sanash: few + ko‘plik, little + sanalmas.

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

Bitta a ma’noni teskari qiladi — bu Reading’da ham savol bo‘ladi:

A few countries have met the target. = bir nechtasi uddaladi (ijobiy)
Few countries have met the target. = deyarli hech biri uddalamadi (salbiy)

⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato

❌ a few information → ✅ a little information.

Namunalar

  • Few developing countries can afford such large-scale investment. Kam sonli rivojlanayotgan davlat bunday yirik sarmoyani ko‘tara oladi.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

To‘liq sahifasi
most / most of / the most ★★★ 4 ko‘pchilik — «aksariyat» (va «eng» bilan chalkashmasin) most + noun · most of + the/my + noun Most of the electricity in the country is generated from natural gas. Mamlakatdagi elektr energiyasining aksariyati tabiiy gazdan ishlab chiqariladi. the majority of superlative
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

most + ot (umuman): most students · most of + aniqlovchi + ot: most of the students in the survey · the most = superlativ: the most effective solution.

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

Task 1 da eng ko‘p ishlatiladigan uchlik shu: Most respondents preferred… · Most of the increase occurred after 2010 · Japan recorded the most significant growth.

⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato

❌ The most of people → ✅ Most people yoki Most of the people in the survey.

❌ Almost people → ✅ Most people / Almost all people — almost yolg‘iz ot oldida kelmaydi.

Namunalar

  • Most of the electricity in the country is generated from natural gas. Mamlakatdagi elektr energiyasining aksariyati tabiiy gazdan ishlab chiqariladi.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

  • the majority of — the majority of = rasmiyroq va Task 1 uchun tabiiyroq
  • superlative — the most = «eng» — bu butunlay boshqa vazifa
To‘liq sahifasi
the majority of ★★★ 4 ko‘pchilik — «katta qismi» (rasmiy) The majority of + plural/uncountable + verb The vast majority of households now own at least one mobile phone. Xonadonlarning katta ko‘pchiligida endi kamida bitta mobil telefon bor. most / most of / the most
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

The (vast/overwhelming) majority of + ot. Fe’l odatda ko‘plikda: The majority of respondents were female. Teskarisi: a minority of, a small proportion of.

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

Task 1 uchun foizni so‘z bilan aytishning eng qulay yo‘li — bir xil raqamni ikki marta takrorlamaslik kerak:

62% → the majority of · 51% → just over half · 25% → a quarter · 12% → a small minority · 5% → a negligible proportion.

Namunalar

  • The vast majority of households now own at least one mobile phone. Xonadonlarning katta ko‘pchiligida endi kamida bitta mobil telefon bor.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

To‘liq sahifasi
all / every / each ★★☆ 3 hamma — «barchasi, har biri» all + plural · every/each + singular Each of the four countries showed a different pattern of consumption. To‘rt mamlakatning har biri boshqacha iste’mol manzarasini ko‘rsatdi. most / most of / the most both / either / neither
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

all + ko‘plik ot + ko‘plik fe’l · every / each + birlik ot + birlik fe’l. each alohida-alohida qaraydi, every guruhni yaxlit oladi.

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

⚠️ Task 2 da all juda xavfli so‘z — bitta istisno butun da’voingizni yiqitadi. Uni hedging bilan almashtiring: most, the majority of, almost all.

⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato

❌ Every students have a laptop → ✅ Every student has a laptop yoki All students have laptops.

Namunalar

  • Each of the four countries showed a different pattern of consumption. To‘rt mamlakatning har biri boshqacha iste’mol manzarasini ko‘rsatdi.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

To‘liq sahifasi
at (a rate / a level of) ★★☆ 4 qayd etilgan daraja — «... darajasida, ... tezlikda» stood at / peaked at / at a rate of Unemployment remained at around 5% throughout the period. Ishsizlik butun davr davomida taxminan 5% darajasida qoldi. increase by / increase to
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

stand at · peak at · remain at · at a rate of — hammasi at oladi, chunki bu nuqta, harakat emas.

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

Task 1 da raqamni takrorlamasdan kiritishning eng qulay yo‘li: Consumption stood at 40 units in 2000 and peaked at 75 units a decade later.

Namunalar

  • Unemployment remained at around 5% throughout the period. Ishsizlik butun davr davomida taxminan 5% darajasida qoldi.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

To‘liq sahifasi
significantly / slightly + comparative ★★★ 4 farqning hajmi — «ancha ko‘proq, biroz kamroq» much/far/slightly + comparative + than Wages rose slightly faster in the private sector than in the public sector. Ish haqi xususiy sektorda davlat sektoridagiga qaraganda biroz tezroq o‘sdi. comparative adverbs of degree (Task 1)
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

Katta farq: far · much · considerably · significantly · substantially + qiyosiy shakl. Kichik farq: slightly · marginally · a little. ⚠️ very qiyosiy shakl bilan ishlatilmaydi: ❌ very higher.

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

Bu ravishlarsiz Task 1 quruq bo‘ladi. Ular tekshiruvchiga siz raqamlarni talqin qila olishingizni ko‘rsatadi: The figure for Japan was marginally higher than that for Korea, whereas China’s was far greater than both.

⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato

❌ very more expensive → ✅ much more expensive.

Namunalar

  • Wages rose slightly faster in the private sector than in the public sector. Ish haqi xususiy sektorda davlat sektoridagiga qaraganda biroz tezroq o‘sdi.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

To‘liq sahifasi
adverbs of degree (Task 1) ★★★ 3 o‘zgarish tezligi va hajmi — «keskin, barqaror, sekin» verb + adverb · adjective + noun The number of visitors fell dramatically after 2008 before recovering gradually. Tashrif buyuruvchilar soni 2008-yildan keyin keskin tushdi, so‘ng asta-sekin tiklandi. significantly / slightly + comparative
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

Ikki xil aytiladi, ma’no bir xil: fe’l + ravish — rose sharply · sifat + ot — a sharp rise. Juftlar: sharp/sharply · dramatic/dramatically · steady/steadily · gradual/gradually · slight/slightly · rapid/rapidly.

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

Task 1 da bir xil so‘zni takrorlamaslikning eng oson yo‘li — ikki qolipni almashtirib turish: Sales increased sharply in 2005, followed by a gradual decline over the next five years.

⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato

❌ increased sharp → ✅ increased sharply (fe’lga ravish kerak) · ❌ a sharply increase → ✅ a sharp increase (otga sifat).

Namunalar

  • The number of visitors fell dramatically after 2008 before recovering gradually. Tashrif buyuruvchilar soni 2008-yildan keyin keskin tushdi, so‘ng asta-sekin tiklandi.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

To‘liq sahifasi
it takes + time + to ★☆☆ 4 vaqt yoki resurs talab qilish — «... uchun ... kerak bo‘ladi» It takes + (somebody) + time + to + V It takes decades to restore a forest that was cleared in a single season. Bir mavsumda kesilgan o‘rmonni tiklash uchun o‘nlab yil kerak bo‘ladi. it is + adjective + that/to
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

It takes (+ odam) + vaqt/resurs + to + fe’l: It takes years to build a reliable network. O‘tmish: It took …

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

Yechimning «tez emas» ekanini aytish uchun qulay — muvozanatli xulosa yozishda foydali: It takes considerable time and investment to change established habits.

Namunalar

  • It takes decades to restore a forest that was cleared in a single season. Bir mavsumda kesilgan o‘rmonni tiklash uchun o‘nlab yil kerak bo‘ladi.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

To‘liq sahifasi