Grammar bank · Grammatika bazasi

116 grammar patterns for IELTS — meaning, where it attaches, examples and the near-synonyms you keep mixing up.

Qanday ishlatiladi: bitta grammatikani qidirsangiz — yuqoridagi qidiruvdan yozing. Bir-biriga o‘xshash grammatikalarni solishtirish uchun “Ma’nosi bo‘yicha” ko‘rinishiga o‘ting: bir xil ma’noli barcha shakllar (masalan, hamma sabab grammatikalari) yonma-yon turadi. Har qatordagi “Batafsil” ni bosing — namunalar, farqi va tez-tez qilinadigan xatolar ochiladi.
Ko‘rinish
Turi bo‘yicha Ma’nosi bo‘yicha (sinonimlar)
Band daraja
Band 5 5 Band 5.5 15 Band 6 25 Band 6.5 31 Band 7 22 Band 7.5+ 18
Ma’no guruhi
Sabab — Cause 2 Natija — Result & consequence 3 Qarama-qarshilik — Contrast 5 Qarshi qo‘yish — Concession 3 Shart — Condition 8 Vaqt va ketma-ketlik — Time & sequence 15 Maqsad — Purpose 3 Qiyoslash — Comparison 7 O‘zgarish va tendensiya — Trend & change 2 Daraja va miqdor — Degree & quantity 10 Ehtiyotkor fikr — Hedging 5 Ta’kid — Emphasis 5 Misol keltirish — Exemplification 1 Umumlashtirish — Summarising 1 Ishora va o‘rin bosish — Reference 3 Sanash va qo‘shish — Listing & addition 4 Taxmin — Speculation 3 Majburiyat va ruxsat — Obligation 7 Imkoniyat — Possibility & ability 1 Ko‘chirma gap — Reported speech 2 Baho va munosabat — Attitude 1 Gap bo‘lagi — Sentence element 25
Grammatik turi
Zamonlar — Tenses & aspect 14 Modal fe’llar — Modals 12 Ergash gaplar — Clauses 12 Shart gaplar — Conditionals 11 Majhul nisbat va nominalizatsiya — Passive 8 Artikl va aniqlovchilar — Articles & determiners 11 Predloglar — Prepositions 11 Qiyoslash shakllari — Comparison 9 Fe’l qoliplari — Gerunds & infinitives 8 Bog‘lash vositalari — Linking & cohesion 12 Murakkab tuzilmalar — Advanced structures 8
4 / 116 shown Filtrlarni tozalash

Vaqt va ketma-ketlik — Time & sequence

4 ta
Grammatika Daraja Ma’nosi Qo‘shilishi Namuna O‘xshashlari
present simple ★★★ 1 hozirgi oddiy zamon — umumiy haqiqat, odat, doimiy holat S + V(s/es) · S + do/does not + V Air pollution affects millions of people in large cities. Havo ifloslanishi yirik shaharlarda millionlab odamga ta’sir qiladi. present continuous
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

3-shaxs birlikda -s qo‘shiladi: he works, it depends. Inkor va so‘roqda do/does keladi, asosiy fe’l esa yalang‘och qoladi: he doesn’t work (❌ doesn’t works).

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

Task 2 inshosining asosiy zamoni shu. Umumiy haqiqat va hozirgi holat haqida yozasiz: Many countries face a shortage of teachers.

Shuningdek diagramma jarayonini (process diagram) tasvirlashda ham present simple + passive ishlatiladi: The beans are dried and packed.

⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato

❌ The government have to act → ✅ The government has to act (rasmiy Britaniya inglizchasida have ham to‘g‘ri, lekin imtihonda bittasini tanlab, oxirigacha shuni ishlating).

❌ Everyone have a phone → ✅ Everyone has a phone — everyone, each, every birlik.

Namunalar

  • Air pollution affects millions of people in large cities. Havo ifloslanishi yirik shaharlarda millionlab odamga ta’sir qiladi.
  • The chart shows how much water each region consumes. Diagramma har bir mintaqa qancha suv iste’mol qilishini ko‘rsatadi.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

  • present continuous — present simple = doimiy holat/odat; present continuous = aynan hozir davom etayotgan yoki vaqtinchalik jarayon
To‘liq sahifasi
present continuous ★★☆ 1 hozirgi davomiy zamon — hozir davom etayotgan, vaqtinchalik yoki o‘zgarib borayotgan S + am/is/are + V-ing The climate is changing faster than previously predicted. Iqlim ilgari bashorat qilinganidan tezroq o‘zgarmoqda. present simple
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

am/is/are + fe’l-ing. Holat fe’llari (know, believe, own, consist, contain) odatda bu shaklda kelmaydi: ❌ I am knowing.

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

IELTS’da eng foydali vazifasi — o‘zgarib borayotgan tendensiya: The population is ageing rapidly. Bu Task 2 kirish qismida juda yaxshi ishlaydi.

Speaking Part 1 da esa hozirgi hayotingiz haqida: I’m studying engineering at the moment.

⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato

❌ Nowadays people use smartphones more and more → ✅ people are using … — o‘zgarish bo‘lsa continuous tabiiyroq.

Namunalar

  • The climate is changing faster than previously predicted. Iqlim ilgari bashorat qilinganidan tezroq o‘zgarmoqda.
  • More and more students are choosing to study abroad. Tobora ko‘proq talaba chet elda o‘qishni tanlamoqda.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

  • present simple — continuous = vaqtinchalik va o‘zgaruvchan; simple = doimiy haqiqat
To‘liq sahifasi
past simple ★★★ 1 o‘tgan oddiy zamon — tugagan va vaqti aytilgan ish S + V-ed / V2 · S + did not + V The figure for renewable energy doubled between 2005 and 2015. Qayta tiklanuvchi energiya ko‘rsatkichi 2005-2015 yillarda ikki baravar oshdi. present perfect past continuous
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

To‘g‘ri fe’llar -ed, noto‘g‘ri fe’llar 2-shakl (rise → rose, fall → fell, begin → began). Inkorda did not + yalang‘och fe’l: ❌ didn’t rose → ✅ didn’t rise.

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

Task 1 ning asosiy zamoni, agar grafikdagi yillar o‘tib bo‘lgan bo‘lsa: Between 1990 and 2005, car ownership rose sharply. Yillar berilgan — demak past simple, present perfect emas.

Speaking Part 2 (hikoya) ham deyarli butunlay shu zamonda.

⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato

❌ In 2010 the number has increased → ✅ increased — aniq vaqt aytilgan joyda present perfect ishlatilmaydi.

Namunalar

  • The figure for renewable energy doubled between 2005 and 2015. Qayta tiklanuvchi energiya ko‘rsatkichi 2005-2015 yillarda ikki baravar oshdi.
  • Last year I took the test for the first time. O‘tgan yili men imtihonni birinchi marta topshirdim.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

  • present perfect — past simple = vaqt AYTILGAN (in 2010, last year); present perfect = vaqt aytilmagan, natijasi hozir muhim
  • past continuous — past simple = tugagan voqea; past continuous = o‘sha paytda davom etayotgan fon
To‘liq sahifasi
in / on / at (time) ★★★ 1 vaqt predloglari — yil, kun, soat in 2010 · on Monday · at 8 a.m. In 2008 the figure peaked, and by 2012 it had fallen back to its earlier level. 2008-yilda ko‘rsatkich cho‘qqiga chiqdi, 2012-yilga kelib esa avvalgi darajasiga qaytdi. from … to …
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

in — yil, oy, fasl, asr, «uzun» davr (in the 1990s, in June, in the future) · on — aniq kun va sana (on 5 May, on Friday) · at — aniq vaqt nuqtasi (at 6 p.m., at night, at the weekend).

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

Task 1 uchun kerakli qo‘shimchalar: during the period · throughout the decade · by 2010 (shu vaqtga qadar) · over the next five years · within a decade.

⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato

❌ In 5 May → ✅ on 5 May · ❌ In the weekend → ✅ at the weekend (BrE).

Namunalar

  • In 2008 the figure peaked, and by 2012 it had fallen back to its earlier level. 2008-yilda ko‘rsatkich cho‘qqiga chiqdi, 2012-yilga kelib esa avvalgi darajasiga qaytdi.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

To‘liq sahifasi