present simple
hozirgi oddiy zamon — umumiy haqiqat, odat, doimiy holat
Qanday yasaladi
S + V(s/es) · S + do/does not + V
3-shaxs birlikda -s qo‘shiladi: he works, it depends. Inkor va so‘roqda do/does keladi, asosiy fe’l esa yalang‘och qoladi: he doesn’t work (❌ doesn’t works).
Namunalar — Examples
Air pollution affects millions of people in large cities.
Havo ifloslanishi yirik shaharlarda millionlab odamga ta’sir qiladi.
The chart shows how much water each region consumes.
Diagramma har bir mintaqa qancha suv iste’mol qilishini ko‘rsatadi.
Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi
Task 2 inshosining asosiy zamoni shu. Umumiy haqiqat va hozirgi holat haqida yozasiz: Many countries face a shortage of teachers.
Shuningdek diagramma jarayonini (process diagram) tasvirlashda ham present simple + passive ishlatiladi: The beans are dried and packed.
⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato
❌ The government have to act → ✅ The government has to act (rasmiy Britaniya inglizchasida have ham to‘g‘ri, lekin imtihonda bittasini tanlab, oxirigacha shuni ishlating).
❌ Everyone have a phone → ✅ Everyone has a phone — everyone, each, every birlik.
O‘xshash shakllar va farqi
| present continuous | present simple = doimiy holat/odat; present continuous = aynan hozir davom etayotgan yoki vaqtinchalik jarayon |
Shu ma’nodagi boshqa grammatikalar — Vaqt va ketma-ketlik — Time & sequence
present continuous T1
past simple T1
past continuous T3
present perfect T3
present perfect continuous T5
past perfect T4
future continuous T5
future perfect T6
would (past habit) T5
the tense of the chart (Task 1) T3
as soon as / by the time / once T4
the process passive (Task 1) T4
Hammasini jadvalda solishtirish