Grammar bank · Grammatika bazasi

116 grammar patterns for IELTS — meaning, where it attaches, examples and the near-synonyms you keep mixing up.

Qanday ishlatiladi: bitta grammatikani qidirsangiz — yuqoridagi qidiruvdan yozing. Bir-biriga o‘xshash grammatikalarni solishtirish uchun “Ma’nosi bo‘yicha” ko‘rinishiga o‘ting: bir xil ma’noli barcha shakllar (masalan, hamma sabab grammatikalari) yonma-yon turadi. Har qatordagi “Batafsil” ni bosing — namunalar, farqi va tez-tez qilinadigan xatolar ochiladi.
Ko‘rinish
Turi bo‘yicha Ma’nosi bo‘yicha (sinonimlar)
Band daraja
Band 5 5 Band 5.5 15 Band 6 25 Band 6.5 31 Band 7 22 Band 7.5+ 18
Ma’no guruhi
Sabab — Cause 2 Natija — Result & consequence 3 Qarama-qarshilik — Contrast 5 Qarshi qo‘yish — Concession 3 Shart — Condition 8 Vaqt va ketma-ketlik — Time & sequence 15 Maqsad — Purpose 3 Qiyoslash — Comparison 7 O‘zgarish va tendensiya — Trend & change 2 Daraja va miqdor — Degree & quantity 10 Ehtiyotkor fikr — Hedging 5 Ta’kid — Emphasis 5 Misol keltirish — Exemplification 1 Umumlashtirish — Summarising 1 Ishora va o‘rin bosish — Reference 3 Sanash va qo‘shish — Listing & addition 4 Taxmin — Speculation 3 Majburiyat va ruxsat — Obligation 7 Imkoniyat — Possibility & ability 1 Ko‘chirma gap — Reported speech 2 Baho va munosabat — Attitude 1 Gap bo‘lagi — Sentence element 25
Grammatik turi
Zamonlar — Tenses & aspect 14 Modal fe’llar — Modals 12 Ergash gaplar — Clauses 12 Shart gaplar — Conditionals 11 Majhul nisbat va nominalizatsiya — Passive 8 Artikl va aniqlovchilar — Articles & determiners 11 Predloglar — Prepositions 11 Qiyoslash shakllari — Comparison 9 Fe’l qoliplari — Gerunds & infinitives 8 Bog‘lash vositalari — Linking & cohesion 12 Murakkab tuzilmalar — Advanced structures 8
4 / 116 shown Filtrlarni tozalash

Artikl va aniqlovchilar — Articles & determiners

4 ta
Grammatika Daraja Ma’nosi Qo‘shilishi Namuna O‘xshashlari
zero article ★★★ 3 artiklsiz shakl — umumiy, turdosh ma’no ∅ + ko‘plik ot / sanalmaydigan ot Governments should invest more in renewable energy. Hukumatlar qayta tiklanuvchi energiyaga ko‘proq sarmoya kiritishi kerak. the uncountable nouns
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

Artikl qo‘yilmaydi: umumiy ma’nodagi ko‘plik (Cars pollute…), sanalmaydigan otlar (water, information, advice, research), mavhum tushunchalar (education, technology, poverty), ko‘pchilik mamlakat nomlari (Uzbekistan, lekin the USA, the UK, the Netherlands).

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

Task 2 da umumlashtirishning to‘g‘ri yo‘li shu. Uch xil umumlashtirish bor, lekin eng xavfsizi — artiklsiz ko‘plik:

✅ Cars are a major source of pollution. (eng tabiiy)
✅ The car is a major source of pollution. (rasmiy, ilmiy)
⚠️ A car is a major source of pollution. (kamdan-kam)

⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato

❌ The technology has changed the society → ✅ Technology has changed society.

❌ I have many informations → ✅ much information.

Namunalar

  • Governments should invest more in renewable energy. Hukumatlar qayta tiklanuvchi energiyaga ko‘proq sarmoya kiritishi kerak.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

  • the — artiklsiz = umumiy tur; the = aniq, ma’lum narsa
  • uncountable nouns — sanalmaydigan otlar deyarli doim artiklsiz keladi
To‘liq sahifasi
uncountable nouns ★★★ 3 sanalmaydigan otlar — ko‘plik shakli yo‘q much/a great deal of + uncountable Recent research suggests that early bilingualism has lasting benefits. So‘nggi tadqiqotlar erta ikki tillilik uzoq muddatli foyda berishini ko‘rsatadi. much / many / a lot of zero article
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

IELTS’da eng ko‘p adashtiradiganlari: information, advice, research, knowledge, equipment, furniture, traffic, pollution, money, work, progress, evidence — ularda -s yo‘q va fe’l birlikda.

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

Sanash uchun o‘lchov so‘zi qo‘shiladi: a piece of advice, two pieces of equipment, a great deal of research.

Ba’zi otlar ikki xil ishlaydi: experience (tajriba — sanalmas) vs an experience (bir voqea — sanaladi).

⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato

❌ many researches → ✅ much research / many studies
❌ Traffics are heavy → ✅ Traffic is heavy
❌ a lot of works → ✅ a lot of work / a lot of jobs.

Namunalar

  • Recent research suggests that early bilingualism has lasting benefits. So‘nggi tadqiqotlar erta ikki tillilik uzoq muddatli foyda berishini ko‘rsatadi.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

To‘liq sahifasi
all / every / each ★★☆ 3 hamma — «barchasi, har biri» all + plural · every/each + singular Each of the four countries showed a different pattern of consumption. To‘rt mamlakatning har biri boshqacha iste’mol manzarasini ko‘rsatdi. most / most of / the most both / either / neither
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

all + ko‘plik ot + ko‘plik fe’l · every / each + birlik ot + birlik fe’l. each alohida-alohida qaraydi, every guruhni yaxlit oladi.

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

⚠️ Task 2 da all juda xavfli so‘z — bitta istisno butun da’voingizni yiqitadi. Uni hedging bilan almashtiring: most, the majority of, almost all.

⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato

❌ Every students have a laptop → ✅ Every student has a laptop yoki All students have laptops.

Namunalar

  • Each of the four countries showed a different pattern of consumption. To‘rt mamlakatning har biri boshqacha iste’mol manzarasini ko‘rsatdi.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

To‘liq sahifasi
subject-verb agreement ★★★ 3 ega bilan kesimning moslashuvi — birlikmi yoki ko‘plikmi S(singular) + V(s) · S(plural) + V The percentage of adults working from home has tripled since 2019. Uydan ishlaydigan kattalar ulushi 2019-yildan beri uch baravar oshdi. uncountable nouns all / every / each
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

Fe’l bosh otga moslashadi, oradagi so‘zlarga emas: The number of students is rising (number = birlik) vs A number of students are waiting (= «bir necha»). Each, every, everyone, neither → birlik.

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

Uzun ega bilan yozganda eng ko‘p sodir bo‘ladigan xato. Yozgandan keyin tekshiring: egadan predlogli qismni o‘chirib o‘qing — The impact (of rising temperatures on coastal cities) is…

⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato

❌ The number of cars have increased → ✅ The number of cars has increased.

❌ Everyone know that… → ✅ Everyone knows that…

Namunalar

  • The percentage of adults working from home has tripled since 2019. Uydan ishlaydigan kattalar ulushi 2019-yildan beri uch baravar oshdi.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

To‘liq sahifasi