Grammar bank · Grammatika bazasi

116 grammar patterns for IELTS — meaning, where it attaches, examples and the near-synonyms you keep mixing up.

Qanday ishlatiladi: bitta grammatikani qidirsangiz — yuqoridagi qidiruvdan yozing. Bir-biriga o‘xshash grammatikalarni solishtirish uchun “Ma’nosi bo‘yicha” ko‘rinishiga o‘ting: bir xil ma’noli barcha shakllar (masalan, hamma sabab grammatikalari) yonma-yon turadi. Har qatordagi “Batafsil” ni bosing — namunalar, farqi va tez-tez qilinadigan xatolar ochiladi.
Ko‘rinish
Turi bo‘yicha Ma’nosi bo‘yicha (sinonimlar)
Band daraja
Band 5 5 Band 5.5 15 Band 6 25 Band 6.5 31 Band 7 22 Band 7.5+ 18
Ma’no guruhi
Sabab — Cause 2 Natija — Result & consequence 3 Qarama-qarshilik — Contrast 5 Qarshi qo‘yish — Concession 3 Shart — Condition 8 Vaqt va ketma-ketlik — Time & sequence 15 Maqsad — Purpose 3 Qiyoslash — Comparison 7 O‘zgarish va tendensiya — Trend & change 2 Daraja va miqdor — Degree & quantity 10 Ehtiyotkor fikr — Hedging 5 Ta’kid — Emphasis 5 Misol keltirish — Exemplification 1 Umumlashtirish — Summarising 1 Ishora va o‘rin bosish — Reference 3 Sanash va qo‘shish — Listing & addition 4 Taxmin — Speculation 3 Majburiyat va ruxsat — Obligation 7 Imkoniyat — Possibility & ability 1 Ko‘chirma gap — Reported speech 2 Baho va munosabat — Attitude 1 Gap bo‘lagi — Sentence element 25
Grammatik turi
Zamonlar — Tenses & aspect 14 Modal fe’llar — Modals 12 Ergash gaplar — Clauses 12 Shart gaplar — Conditionals 11 Majhul nisbat va nominalizatsiya — Passive 8 Artikl va aniqlovchilar — Articles & determiners 11 Predloglar — Prepositions 11 Qiyoslash shakllari — Comparison 9 Fe’l qoliplari — Gerunds & infinitives 8 Bog‘lash vositalari — Linking & cohesion 12 Murakkab tuzilmalar — Advanced structures 8
4 / 116 shown Filtrlarni tozalash

Zamonlar — Tenses & aspect

4 ta
Grammatika Daraja Ma’nosi Qo‘shilishi Namuna O‘xshashlari
past continuous ★★☆ 3 o‘tgan davomiy zamon — o‘sha paytda davom etayotgan fon harakati S + was/were + V-ing Afsona was preparing for the exam when the power went out. Afsona imtihonga tayyorlanayotganda elektr o‘chib qoldi. past simple
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

was (I/he/she/it) yoki were (you/we/they) + -ing. Ko‘pincha when (past simple) yoki while (past continuous) bilan juftlashadi.

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

Speaking Part 2 hikoyasini jonlantiradigan zamon: fonni continuous, voqeani simple bilan bering — I was waiting for the bus when I met my old teacher.

⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato

❌ While I studied, the phone rang → ✅ While I was studying, the phone rang.

Namunalar

  • Afsona was preparing for the exam when the power went out. Afsona imtihonga tayyorlanayotganda elektr o‘chib qoldi.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

  • past simple — continuous = davom etayotgan fon; simple = uni bo‘lgan voqea
To‘liq sahifasi
present perfect ★★★ 3 hozirgi tugallangan zamon — o‘tmishda bo‘lgan, natijasi hozir muhim S + have/has + V3 The cost of housing has risen sharply since 2010. Uy-joy narxi 2010-yildan beri keskin oshdi. past simple present perfect continuous
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

have/has + 3-shakl (been, done, risen, fallen). Belgilar: since (boshlanish nuqtasi), for (davomiylik), already, yet, just, recently, over the past decade.

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

Band 6 dan 7 ga o‘tishning eng oddiy yo‘li — Task 2 da hozirgi holatning tarixini ko‘rsatish: Over the past two decades, governments have invested heavily in renewable energy.

Task 1 da esa faqat grafik bugungi kunga qadar davom etsa ishlatiladi (masalan 2015-present).

⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato

❌ I have finished it yesterday → ✅ I finished it yesterday. Aniq o‘tgan vaqt bo‘lsa — past simple.

❌ I have went → ✅ I have gone — 3-shakl kerak, 2-shakl emas.

Namunalar

  • The cost of housing has risen sharply since 2010. Uy-joy narxi 2010-yildan beri keskin oshdi.
  • Technology has transformed the way we work. Texnologiya ishlash usulimizni tubdan o‘zgartirdi.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

  • past simple — present perfect = vaqt aytilmaydi, natija hozir; past simple = vaqt aytilgan va tugagan
  • present perfect continuous — perfect = natija/miqdor muhim; perfect continuous = jarayonning davomiyligi muhim
To‘liq sahifasi
used to ★★☆ 3 o‘tmishdagi odat yoki holat — «ilgari ... edi, endi yo‘q» S + used to + V (yalang‘och) Families used to spend their evenings together. Oilalar ilgari kechqurunlarini birga o‘tkazardi. would (past habit)
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

used to + asosiy fe’l. Inkor va so‘roqda use to (didn’t use to). ⚠️ be used to + -ing butunlay boshqa narsa: «ko‘nikkan».

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

Hozir va o‘tmishni qarama-qarshi qo‘yish uchun eng ixcham vosita — Speaking Part 3 va Task 2 uchun juda foydali: People used to read newspapers; now they scroll through feeds.

⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato

❌ I am used to live here → ✅ I am used to living here (ko‘nikkanman) · ❌ I used to living → ✅ I used to live (ilgari yashardim).

Namunalar

  • Families used to spend their evenings together. Oilalar ilgari kechqurunlarini birga o‘tkazardi.
  • This area used to be farmland. Bu hudud ilgari qishloq xo‘jaligi yeri edi.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

  • would (past habit) — used to = odat HAM, holat ham; would = faqat takrorlangan harakat (❌ would be farmland)
To‘liq sahifasi
the tense of the chart (Task 1) ★★★ 3 Task 1 zamon tanlash qoidasi — sana o‘tganmi, hozirmi yoki bashoratmi past simple / present simple / will + V The graph shows the changes that took place between 1980 and 2000. Grafik 1980-2000 yillarda ro‘y bergan o‘zgarishlarni ko‘rsatadi. past simple present perfect
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

O‘tgan yillar (1990-2010) → past simple · Sanasiz yoki hozirgi holat → present simple · Kelajak, «projected», «forecast» → will yoki be expected to · Jarayon diagrammasi → present simple passive.

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

Bu alohida grammatika emas, qoida — lekin Task 1 da eng ko‘p ball yo‘qotiladigan joy shu. Yozishdan oldin grafikning sanalariga qarang va zamonni bir marta tanlab, butun matnda saqlang.

Aralash grafik (2000-2030) bo‘lsa: o‘tgan qismga past simple, bashorat qismiga is projected to / will.

⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato

❌ The graph showed … → ✅ The graph shows … — grafik hozir ko‘rsatib turibdi, uning ma’lumoti esa o‘tmishda bo‘lishi mumkin.

Namunalar

  • The graph shows the changes that took place between 1980 and 2000. Grafik 1980-2000 yillarda ro‘y bergan o‘zgarishlarni ko‘rsatadi.
  • Consumption is projected to rise steadily until 2040. Iste’mol 2040-yilgacha barqaror o‘sishi kutilmoqda.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

  • past simple — grafikdagi yillar o‘tgan bo‘lsa — past simple
  • present perfect — grafik bugungi kunga qadar davom etsa — present perfect
To‘liq sahifasi