present perfect continuous
hozirgi tugallangan davomiy — o‘tmishda boshlanib, hozir ham davom etayotgan jarayon
Qanday yasaladi
S + have/has been + V-ing
have/has been + -ing. Odatda for / since bilan. Holat fe’llari (know, believe) bilan ishlatilmaydi.
Namunalar — Examples
Researchers have been studying this phenomenon since the 1980s.
Tadqiqotchilar bu hodisani 1980-yillardan beri o‘rganib kelmoqda.
Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi
Davomiylikning o‘zini ta’kidlaydi: Scientists have been warning about this for decades. — «yillar davomida ogohlantirib kelishmoqda». Bitta yaxshi joyda ishlatilgan bu shakl Grammatical Range bahosini oshiradi.
⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato
❌ I am living here since 2019 → ✅ I have been living here since 2019 — o‘zbekcha «yashayapman» present continuous’ni tortadi, lekin ingliz tilida since bo‘lsa perfect kerak.
O‘xshash shakllar va farqi
| present perfect | perfect = qancha/qanday natija; perfect continuous = qancha VAQTDAN beri davom etayotgani |
Shu ma’nodagi boshqa grammatikalar — Vaqt va ketma-ketlik — Time & sequence
present simple T1
present continuous T1
past simple T1
past continuous T3
present perfect T3
past perfect T4
future continuous T5
future perfect T6
would (past habit) T5
the tense of the chart (Task 1) T3
as soon as / by the time / once T4
the process passive (Task 1) T4
Hammasini jadvalda solishtirish