the first conditional
real shart — «agar ... bo‘lsa, ... bo‘ladi» (kelajakda mumkin)
Qanday yasaladi
If + present simple, will + V
If + present (❌ if it will rain), asosiy gapda will / may / can / should. will o‘rniga boshqa modal ham bo‘lishi mumkin: If costs fall, more people may switch.
Namunalar — Examples
If cities expand without planning, congestion will worsen.
Agar shaharlar rejasiz kengaysa, tirbandlik yomonlashadi.
Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi
Task 2 ogohlantirish jumlasi uchun tayyor qolip: If governments fail to act now, the problem will become far harder to solve.
Unless bilan ham xuddi shu ma’no: Unless governments act, …
⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato
❌ If the government will invest more, … → ✅ If the government invests more, … — bu eng ko‘p uchraydigan xato.
O‘xshash shakllar va farqi
| the second conditional | first = real ehtimol; second = xayoliy yoki ehtimoli past |
| unless | unless = «agar ... bo‘lmasa» — inkorli first conditional |
| the zero conditional | umumiy haqiqat sharti — «agar ... bo‘lsa, doim ... bo‘ladi» — zero = doimiy haqiqat; first = kelajakdagi aniq bir holat |
| in case | ehtiyot chorasi — «... bo‘lib qolsa deb, oldindan» — if = shart bajarilsa; in case = shart ehtimoliga qarshi oldindan |
| provided that / as long as | shart bilan rozilik — «... shart bilan, toki ... ekan» — provided that = if, lekin cheklov ohangi kuchliroq |
Shu ma’nodagi boshqa grammatikalar — Shart — Condition
the zero conditional T2
the second conditional T4
the third conditional T5
the mixed conditional T6
unless T4
provided that / as long as T5
if it were not for T6
Hammasini jadvalda solishtirish