Grammar bank · Grammatika bazasi

116 grammar patterns for IELTS — meaning, where it attaches, examples and the near-synonyms you keep mixing up.

Qanday ishlatiladi: bitta grammatikani qidirsangiz — yuqoridagi qidiruvdan yozing. Bir-biriga o‘xshash grammatikalarni solishtirish uchun “Ma’nosi bo‘yicha” ko‘rinishiga o‘ting: bir xil ma’noli barcha shakllar (masalan, hamma sabab grammatikalari) yonma-yon turadi. Har qatordagi “Batafsil” ni bosing — namunalar, farqi va tez-tez qilinadigan xatolar ochiladi.
Ko‘rinish
Turi bo‘yicha Ma’nosi bo‘yicha (sinonimlar)
Band daraja
Band 5 5 Band 5.5 15 Band 6 25 Band 6.5 31 Band 7 22 Band 7.5+ 18
Ma’no guruhi
Sabab — Cause 2 Natija — Result & consequence 3 Qarama-qarshilik — Contrast 5 Qarshi qo‘yish — Concession 3 Shart — Condition 8 Vaqt va ketma-ketlik — Time & sequence 15 Maqsad — Purpose 3 Qiyoslash — Comparison 7 O‘zgarish va tendensiya — Trend & change 2 Daraja va miqdor — Degree & quantity 10 Ehtiyotkor fikr — Hedging 5 Ta’kid — Emphasis 5 Misol keltirish — Exemplification 1 Umumlashtirish — Summarising 1 Ishora va o‘rin bosish — Reference 3 Sanash va qo‘shish — Listing & addition 4 Taxmin — Speculation 3 Majburiyat va ruxsat — Obligation 7 Imkoniyat — Possibility & ability 1 Ko‘chirma gap — Reported speech 2 Baho va munosabat — Attitude 1 Gap bo‘lagi — Sentence element 25
Grammatik turi
Zamonlar — Tenses & aspect 14 Modal fe’llar — Modals 12 Ergash gaplar — Clauses 12 Shart gaplar — Conditionals 11 Majhul nisbat va nominalizatsiya — Passive 8 Artikl va aniqlovchilar — Articles & determiners 11 Predloglar — Prepositions 11 Qiyoslash shakllari — Comparison 9 Fe’l qoliplari — Gerunds & infinitives 8 Bog‘lash vositalari — Linking & cohesion 12 Murakkab tuzilmalar — Advanced structures 8
7 / 116 shown Filtrlarni tozalash

Gap bo‘lagi — Sentence element

7 ta
Grammatika Daraja Ma’nosi Qo‘shilishi Namuna O‘xshashlari
defining relative clause ★★★ 3 aniqlovchi ergash gap — qaysi narsa haqida ketayotganini belgilaydi noun + who/which/that + verb Countries which invest in education tend to grow faster. Ta’limga sarmoya kiritadigan davlatlar tezroq rivojlanishga moyil. non-defining relative clause reduced relative clause
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

Odam → who (yoki that) · narsa → which yoki that · egalik → whose. Vergul qo‘yilmaydi. Agar who/which to‘ldiruvchi bo‘lsa, tushirib qoldirsa ham bo‘ladi: the skills (that) employers value.

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

Ergash gapsiz ikkita qisqa gap bo‘lardi; u bilan bitta murakkab gap chiqadi — Grammatical Range aynan shuni izlaydi:

Students who take a gap year often return more motivated.

⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato

❌ Students who they take a gap year → ✅ Students who take… — who ning o‘zi ega, ikkinchi olmosh keraksiz.

❌ People which live in cities → ✅ People who live in cities.

Namunalar

  • Countries which invest in education tend to grow faster. Ta’limga sarmoya kiritadigan davlatlar tezroq rivojlanishga moyil.
  • The graph shows the number of people who used public transport. Grafik jamoat transportidan foydalangan odamlar sonini ko‘rsatadi.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

To‘liq sahifasi
non-defining relative clause ★★☆ 5 izohlovchi ergash gap — qo‘shimcha ma’lumot beradi (vergul bilan) , which/who + verb , Online courses, which have grown rapidly since 2020, reach students in remote areas. 2020-yildan beri jadal o‘sgan onlayn kurslar chekka hududlardagi talabalarga yetib boradi. defining relative clause
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

Har doim vergul bilan ajratiladi va that ISHLATILMAYDI: ❌ Tashkent, that is the capital… → ✅ Tashkent, which is the capital…. Butun gapga ishora qilishi ham mumkin: …, which explains the rise.

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

Task 1 uchun ajoyib vosita — raqamga izoh qo‘shadi: The figure peaked in 2008, which coincided with the financial crisis.

Bu «gapga ishora qiluvchi which» Band 7 belgisi, lekin faqat vergul bilan to‘g‘ri ishlatilsa.

⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato

❌ The number rose sharply which was surprising → vergul qo‘ying: ✅ rose sharply, which was surprising.

Namunalar

  • Online courses, which have grown rapidly since 2020, reach students in remote areas. 2020-yildan beri jadal o‘sgan onlayn kurslar chekka hududlardagi talabalarga yetib boradi.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

To‘liq sahifasi
preposition + which ★☆☆ 6 predlogli ergash gap — «... bo‘lgan/qilinadigan» noun + in/for/to + which + clause The speed at which the population is ageing has alarmed policymakers. Aholining qarish tezligi siyosat ishlab chiquvchilarni tashvishga solmoqda. defining relative clause
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

Predlog which/whom dan oldin keladi: the rate at which forests disappear · the extent to which … · the way in which …. Odam bilan: whom (❌ for who → ✅ for whom).

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

«The extent to which» — IELTS savol matnining o‘zida uchraydigan ibora («To what extent do you agree?»), shuning uchun uni javobda qaytarish juda tabiiy: This essay will examine the extent to which technology has reshaped education.

Namunalar

  • The speed at which the population is ageing has alarmed policymakers. Aholining qarish tezligi siyosat ishlab chiquvchilarni tashvishga solmoqda.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

To‘liq sahifasi
reduced relative clause ★☆☆ 6 qisqargan ergash gap — «who/which + be» tushirilgan shakl noun + V-ing / V3 (+ …) The measures introduced last year have already reduced traffic by 10%. O‘tgan yili joriy etilgan choralar tirbandlikni allaqachon 10% ga kamaytirdi. defining relative clause participle clause
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

Aniq nisbat → -ing: students who study abroad = students studying abroad. Majhul → V3: the policy which was introduced in 2019 = the policy introduced in 2019.

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

Ixchamlik — akademik uslubning belgisi. Bitta insho ichida 2-3 marta ishlatilsa, matn zich va yetuk ko‘rinadi.

Task 1 da ayniqsa qulay: the figure recorded in 2010, countries experiencing rapid growth.

⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato

❌ People lived in rural areas have less access… → ✅ People living in rural areas… (odamlar o‘zi yashaydi — aniq nisbat).

Namunalar

  • The measures introduced last year have already reduced traffic by 10%. O‘tgan yili joriy etilgan choralar tirbandlikni allaqachon 10% ga kamaytirdi.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

To‘liq sahifasi
that-clause ★★★ 3 to‘ldiruvchi ergash gap — «... ligini/ekanligini» verb/adjective + that + clause Research suggests that early intervention produces the best results. Tadqiqotlar shuni ko‘rsatadiki, erta aralashuv eng yaxshi natija beradi. the fact that wh-clause
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

that + to‘liq gap. Ba’zi fe’llardan keyin tushib qolishi mumkin (I think (that) …), lekin akademik yozuvda saqlang. Sifatlardan keyin ham keladi: it is clear that…

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

Fikr bildirishning asosiy quroli. Xilma-xillik uchun boshqa fe’llarga o‘ting: argue / maintain / suggest / demonstrate / indicate that. I think that ni butun insho bo‘yi takrorlamang.

⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato

❌ I agree with that education is important. → ✅ I agree that education is important. — agree that, agree with + ot.

Namunalar

  • Research suggests that early intervention produces the best results. Tadqiqotlar shuni ko‘rsatadiki, erta aralashuv eng yaxshi natija beradi.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

  • the fact that — the fact that = shu gapni OT sifatida ishlatadi (ega bo‘la oladi)
  • wh-clause — wh-clause = qanday/nima/nega degan savolni ichiga oladi
To‘liq sahifasi
the fact that ★★☆ 5 «... ligi» — butun gapni ot qilib ishlatish The fact that + clause + verb The fact that fees have risen has deterred many applicants. To‘lovlarning oshgani ko‘p arizachilarni chekintirdi. that-clause despite / in spite of
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

The fact that + to‘liq gap — natijada butun birikma ot bo‘lib, ega yoki to‘ldiruvchi bo‘la oladi: The fact that wages have stagnated explains the fall in demand.

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

Predloglardan keyin gap kelolmaydi — shu yerda the fact that qutqaradi: ❌ despite he is young → ✅ despite the fact that he is young.

⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato

❌ Har jumlada takrorlash matnni og‘irlashtiradi. Bitta inshoda 1-2 marta.

Namunalar

  • The fact that fees have risen has deterred many applicants. To‘lovlarning oshgani ko‘p arizachilarni chekintirdi.
  • Despite the fact that the law was passed, enforcement remains weak. Qonun qabul qilinganiga qaramay, uning ijrosi hamon zaif.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

  • that-clause — the fact that = gapni OT qiladi; that-clause = fe’lga bog‘lanadi
  • despite / in spite of — despite + the fact that = predlogdan keyin gap qo‘yishning yo‘li
To‘liq sahifasi
wh-clause ★★☆ 4 so‘roq so‘zli ergash gap — «nima/qanday/nega ... ligi» verb + what/how/why/whether + S + V The table illustrates how many hours people spent online each week. Jadval odamlar har hafta internetda necha soat o‘tkazganini ko‘rsatadi. that-clause
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

⚠️ Ichkarida so‘roq tartibi ISHLATILMAYDI: ❌ I don’t know where is it → ✅ I don’t know where it is. do/does/did ham tushadi: ❌ how does it work → ✅ how it works.

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

Task 1 kirishini qayta yozishning eng qulay usuli: The chart shows how much electricity each country produced. — savol matnini ko‘chirmasdan boshqacha aytasiz.

⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato

❌ The graph shows what is the number of students → ✅ shows what the number of students is, yoki soddaroq: ✅ shows the number of students.

Namunalar

  • The table illustrates how many hours people spent online each week. Jadval odamlar har hafta internetda necha soat o‘tkazganini ko‘rsatadi.
  • It is unclear whether stricter laws would reduce crime. Qattiqroq qonunlar jinoyatchilikni kamaytirar-kamaytirmasligi noaniq.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

  • that-clause — that = tasdiqni uzatadi; wh-clause = savolni uzatadi
To‘liq sahifasi