Vocabulary bank · Lug‘at bazasi

167 words for IELTS — meaning, root family, collocations, an example and the synonym/antonym pair.

spect So‘z oilalari — 31 ta ildiz spect = «qaramoq» ni bilsangiz — inspect, spectator, perspective, prospect, spectacular ni ham tushunasiz. Bitta ildiz — o‘nlab so‘z.

Akademik til — Academic language

44 ta

So‘z	Daraja	Ma’nosi	O‘zak · birikma	Namuna	Sinonim · antonim
perspective per- + spect + -ive ★★★	4	nuqtai nazar — qarash burchagi Ot — Noun	spect(specere (lat.) — qaramoq) from a different perspective · a global perspective · put into perspective	From an environmental perspective, the policy is difficult to justify. Ekologik nuqtai nazardan bu siyosatni oqlash qiyin.	viewpoint
Batafsil — namunalar, izoh, so‘z oilasi Izoh «Orqali qarash» — per- (orqali) + spect (qarash). Task 2 da opinion so‘zining eng yaxshi o‘rinbosari: from an economic perspective. Ko‘p uchraydigan birikmalar from a different perspective · a global perspective · put into perspective So‘z o‘zagi spect(specere (lat.) — qaramoq) — qaramoq — ko‘rmoq, kuzatmoq shu o‘zakli so‘zlar → Namunalar From an environmental perspective, the policy is difficult to justify. Ekologik nuqtai nazardan bu siyosatni oqlash qiyin. Bog‘liq so‘zlar Bog‘liq so‘z — Related word prospect — bir ildiz: perspective = qarash burchagi; prospect = istiqbol Sinonim — Synonym viewpoint — viewpoint = shaxsning qarashi; perspective = butun bir yo‘nalish yoki soha nuqtai nazari To‘liq sahifasi
conduct con- + duct ★★★	4	o‘tkazmoq (tadqiqot, so‘rov) — «birga yetaklamoq» Fe’l — Verb	duc/duct(ducere (lat.) — yetaklamoq) conduct research · conduct a survey · conduct an experiment	The study was conducted over a period of five years. Tadqiqot besh yil davomida o‘tkazildi.
Batafsil — namunalar, izoh, so‘z oilasi Izoh Akademik yozuvda do a research ❌ o‘rniga aynan shu ishlatiladi: conduct research ✅. Ot sifatida urg‘u o‘zgaradi: CONduct = xulq-atvor. Ko‘p uchraydigan birikmalar conduct research · conduct a survey · conduct an experiment So‘z o‘zagi duc/duct(ducere (lat.) — yetaklamoq) — yetaklamoq — olib bormoq, boshqarmoq shu o‘zakli so‘zlar → Namunalar The study was conducted over a period of five years. Tadqiqot besh yil davomida o‘tkazildi. Bog‘liq so‘zlar Bog‘liq so‘z — Related word productivity — bir ildiz: conduct = olib bormoq; produce = ishlab chiqarmoq To‘liq sahifasi
support sup- + port ★★★	3	qo‘llab-quvvatlamoq; dalil bilan tasdiqlamoq Fe’l — Verb	port(portare (lat.) — tashimoq) support an argument · financial support · evidence supports	Recent data support the claim that remote work reduces commuting. So‘nggi ma’lumotlar masofaviy ish qatnovni kamaytiradi degan fikrni tasdiqlaydi.	advocate
Batafsil — namunalar, izoh, so‘z oilasi Izoh «Ostidan ko‘tarmoq» ma’nosidan. Akademik yozuvda ikkinchi ma’nosi muhimroq: These findings support* the view that…* Ko‘p uchraydigan birikmalar support an argument · financial support · evidence supports So‘z o‘zagi port(portare (lat.) — tashimoq) — tashimoq — olib yurmoq, ko‘tarmoq shu o‘zakli so‘zlar → Namunalar Recent data support the claim that remote work reduces commuting. So‘nggi ma’lumotlar masofaviy ish qatnovni kamaytiradi degan fikrni tasdiqlaydi. Bog‘liq so‘zlar Sinonim — Synonym advocate — support = umumiy qo‘llash; advocate = ochiq targ‘ib qilish To‘liq sahifasi
reject re- + ject ★★☆	3	rad etmoq — «orqaga otmoq» Fe’l — Verb	ject(iacere (lat.) — otmoq) reject a proposal · reject the argument · outright rejection	Parliament rejected the proposal by a narrow margin. Parlament taklifni oz farq bilan rad etdi.	advocate
Batafsil — namunalar, izoh, so‘z oilasi Izoh Task 2 da qarshi fikrni rad etish uchun: This argument should be rejected* on two grounds.* Ko‘p uchraydigan birikmalar reject a proposal · reject the argument · outright rejection So‘z o‘zagi ject(iacere (lat.) — otmoq) — otmoq — irg‘itmoq, tashlamoq shu o‘zakli so‘zlar → Namunalar Parliament rejected the proposal by a narrow margin. Parlament taklifni oz farq bilan rad etdi. Bog‘liq so‘zlar Antonim — Antonym advocate — reject = rad etmoq; advocate = yoqlamoq To‘liq sahifasi
infer in- + fer ★☆☆	6	xulosa chiqarmoq — bevosita aytilmagan narsani anglab olmoq Fe’l — Verb	fer(ferre (lat.) — olib kelmoq) infer from the data · it can be inferred that · make an inference	It can be inferred from the data that demand will continue to fall. Ma’lumotlardan talab pasayishda davom etadi degan xulosa chiqarish mumkin.	imply
Batafsil — namunalar, izoh, so‘z oilasi Izoh Reading’ning kalit so‘zi. «True/False/Not Given» va «Yes/No/Not Given» savollari aynan shu ko‘nikmani tekshiradi: matnda yozilmagan, lekin mantiqan kelib chiqadigan narsa. Ko‘p uchraydigan birikmalar infer from the data · it can be inferred that · make an inference So‘z o‘zagi fer(ferre (lat.) — olib kelmoq) — olib kelmoq — ko‘chirmoq, keltirmoq shu o‘zakli so‘zlar → Namunalar It can be inferred from the data that demand will continue to fall. Ma’lumotlardan talab pasayishda davom etadi degan xulosa chiqarish mumkin. Bog‘liq so‘zlar Sinonim — Synonym imply — infer = O‘QUVCHI xulosa chiqaradi; imply = MUALLIF ishora qiladi To‘liq sahifasi
imply im- + ply (buklamoq) ★★☆	5	ishora qilmoq, nazarda tutmoq — ochiq aytmasdan bildirmoq Fe’l — Verb	this implies that · the implications of · far-reaching implications	These findings imply that current policies are inadequate. Bu natijalar hozirgi siyosat yetarli emasligiga ishora qiladi.	infer
Batafsil — namunalar, izoh, so‘z oilasi Izoh Oti — implication (oqibat, ma’no): the policy has serious implications for* low-income families* — bu Task 2 uchun juda kuchli birikma. Ko‘p uchraydigan birikmalar this implies that · the implications of · far-reaching implications Namunalar These findings imply that current policies are inadequate. Bu natijalar hozirgi siyosat yetarli emasligiga ishora qiladi. Bog‘liq so‘zlar Sinonim — Synonym infer — imply = muallif ishora qiladi; infer = o‘quvchi xulosa chiqaradi To‘liq sahifasi
describe de- + scribe ★★☆	2	tasvirlamoq, ta’riflamoq Fe’l — Verb	scrib/script(scribere (lat.) — yozmoq) describe a trend · as described above · a detailed description	The chart describes changes in household spending over two decades. Diagramma ikki o‘n yillikdagi uy xarajatlari o‘zgarishini tasvirlaydi.
Batafsil — namunalar, izoh, so‘z oilasi Izoh Task 1 topshirig‘ining o‘zida turadi: Summarise the information and report the main features — ya’ni describe qiling, izohlamang. Ko‘p uchraydigan birikmalar describe a trend · as described above · a detailed description So‘z o‘zagi scrib/script(scribere (lat.) — yozmoq) — yozmoq — qayd qilmoq shu o‘zakli so‘zlar → Namunalar The chart describes changes in household spending over two decades. Diagramma ikki o‘n yillikdagi uy xarajatlari o‘zgarishini tasvirlaydi. Bog‘liq so‘zlar Bog‘liq so‘z — Related word illustrate — describe = so‘z bilan tasvirlash; illustrate = misol/grafik bilan ko‘rsatish To‘liq sahifasi
contradict contra- + dict ★☆☆	6	zid kelmoq, rad etmoq — «qarshi aytmoq» Fe’l — Verb	dict(dicere (lat.) — aytmoq) contradict the evidence · a contradiction · contradictory findings	The latest data contradict the assumption that rural incomes are falling. So‘nggi ma’lumotlar qishloq daromadlari kamayyapti degan taxminga zid keladi.	support
Batafsil — namunalar, izoh, so‘z oilasi Izoh Bahsli dalillarni taqqoslashda: These results contradict* earlier studies.* Oti — contradiction. Ko‘p uchraydigan birikmalar contradict the evidence · a contradiction · contradictory findings So‘z o‘zagi dict(dicere (lat.) — aytmoq) — aytmoq — so‘zlamoq, buyurmoq shu o‘zakli so‘zlar → Namunalar The latest data contradict the assumption that rural incomes are falling. So‘nggi ma’lumotlar qishloq daromadlari kamayyapti degan taxminga zid keladi. Bog‘liq so‘zlar Antonim — Antonym support — contradict = zid kelmoq; support = tasdiqlamoq To‘liq sahifasi
evidence e- + vid + -ence ★★★	4	dalil, isbot — «ko‘z oldida turgan narsa» Ot — Noun	vid/vis(videre (lat.) — ko‘rmoq) strong evidence · there is little evidence · evidence suggests	There is little evidence that stricter penalties reduce crime. Qattiqroq jazolar jinoyatchilikni kamaytirishiga dalil kam.
Batafsil — namunalar, izoh, so‘z oilasi Izoh ⚠️ Sanalmaydigan ot: ❌ an evidence, ❌ evidences → ✅ a piece of evidence, much evidence. Task 2 da dalilni kiritishning eng akademik yo‘li: There is growing evidence that… Ko‘p uchraydigan birikmalar strong evidence · there is little evidence · evidence suggests So‘z o‘zagi vid/vis(videre (lat.) — ko‘rmoq) — ko‘rmoq — nazar solmoq shu o‘zakli so‘zlar → Namunalar There is little evidence that stricter penalties reduce crime. Qattiqroq jazolar jinoyatchilikni kamaytirishiga dalil kam. Recent evidence suggests a link between air quality and school performance. So‘nggi dalillar havo sifati bilan o‘quv natijalari orasida bog‘liqlik borligini ko‘rsatadi. Bog‘liq so‘zlar Bog‘liq so‘z — Related word visible — bir ildiz — «ko‘rmoq» dan To‘liq sahifasi
visible vis + -ible ★☆☆	3	ko‘rinadigan, sezilarli Sifat — Adjective	vid/vis(videre (lat.) — ko‘rmoq) clearly visible · a visible improvement · visibility	The effects of the policy became visible within two years. Siyosatning ta’siri ikki yil ichida ko‘zga tashlana boshladi.
Batafsil — namunalar, izoh, so‘z oilasi Izoh Task 1 da tendensiyani izohlashda: a visible* upward trend. Teskarisi — invisible. Ko‘p uchraydigan birikmalar clearly visible · a visible improvement · visibility So‘z o‘zagi vid/vis(videre (lat.) — ko‘rmoq)* — ko‘rmoq — nazar solmoq shu o‘zakli so‘zlar → Namunalar The effects of the policy became visible within two years. Siyosatning ta’siri ikki yil ichida ko‘zga tashlana boshladi. Bog‘liq so‘zlar Bog‘liq so‘z — Related word evidence — bir ildiz — «ko‘rmoq» To‘liq sahifasi
recognise re- + cogn + -ise ★★☆	3	tan olmoq; tanimoq Fe’l — Verb	cogn/sci(cognoscere / scire (lat.) — bilmoq) widely recognised · recognise the importance of · recognition	Governments increasingly recognise the value of vocational training. Hukumatlar kasbiy ta’limning qadrini tobora ko‘proq tan olmoqda.
Batafsil — namunalar, izoh, so‘z oilasi Izoh Britaniya imlosi -ise, amerikacha -ize — imtihonda bittasini tanlab, oxirigacha shuni saqlang. Oti — recognition. Ko‘p uchraydigan birikmalar widely recognised · recognise the importance of · recognition So‘z o‘zagi cogn/sci(cognoscere / scire (lat.) — bilmoq) — bilmoq — anglamoq, tanimoq shu o‘zakli so‘zlar → Namunalar Governments increasingly recognise the value of vocational training. Hukumatlar kasbiy ta’limning qadrini tobora ko‘proq tan olmoqda. Bog‘liq so‘zlar Bog‘liq so‘z — Related word cognitive — bir ildiz — «bilmoq» To‘liq sahifasi
phenomenon phainomenon (yun.) — ko‘rinadigan narsa ★★☆	5	hodisa — kuzatiladigan voqelik Ot — Noun	a global phenomenon · a recent phenomenon · this phenomenon	Remote working is no longer a temporary phenomenon. Masofaviy ish endi vaqtinchalik hodisa emas.
Batafsil — namunalar, izoh, so‘z oilasi Izoh ⚠️ Ko‘pligi noto‘g‘ri yasaladi: one phenomenon → two phenomena (❌ phenomenons). Ishora oti sifatida juda foydali: This phenomenon* is not confined to developing countries.* Ko‘p uchraydigan birikmalar a global phenomenon · a recent phenomenon · this phenomenon Namunalar Remote working is no longer a temporary phenomenon. Masofaviy ish endi vaqtinchalik hodisa emas. Bog‘liq so‘zlar Bog‘liq so‘z — Related word trend — trend = uzoq davom etadigan yo‘nalish; phenomenon = hodisaning o‘zi To‘liq sahifasi
concept con- + cept (olmoq) ★★☆	4	tushuncha, g‘oya Ot — Noun	the concept of · a difficult concept · conceptual	The concept of lifelong learning has gained ground in recent decades. Umrbod o‘rganish tushunchasi so‘nggi o‘n yilliklarda ommalashdi.	notion
Batafsil — namunalar, izoh, so‘z oilasi Izoh Mavhum mavzuni kiritishning oson yo‘li: The concept of* work-life balance is relatively new.* Ko‘p uchraydigan birikmalar the concept of · a difficult concept · conceptual Namunalar The concept of lifelong learning has gained ground in recent decades. Umrbod o‘rganish tushunchasi so‘nggi o‘n yilliklarda ommalashdi. Bog‘liq so‘zlar Sinonim — Synonym notion — notion = qarash, taxmin (biroz shubha ohangi); concept = aniq shakllangan tushuncha To‘liq sahifasi
phonetic phon + -etic ★☆☆	5	fonetik — nutq tovushlariga oid Sifat — Adjective	phon(phone (yun.) — ovoz) the phonetic alphabet · phonetic transcription · phonetics	Learning the phonetic alphabet helps students place word stress correctly. Fonetik alifboni o‘rganish talabalarga so‘z urg‘usini to‘g‘ri qo‘yishga yordam beradi.
Batafsil — namunalar, izoh, so‘z oilasi Izoh Speaking uchun amaliy foyda: lug‘atdagi phonetic transcription (/ˈdetəmɪn/ kabi yozuv) urg‘uni ko‘rsatadi, urg‘u esa Pronunciation bahosining bir qismi. Yangi so‘zni yozib olayotganda transkripsiyasini ham ko‘chiring. Ko‘p uchraydigan birikmalar the phonetic alphabet · phonetic transcription · phonetics So‘z o‘zagi phon(phone (yun.) — ovoz) — ovoz — tovush shu o‘zakli so‘zlar → Namunalar Learning the phonetic alphabet helps students place word stress correctly. Fonetik alifboni o‘rganish talabalarga so‘z urg‘usini to‘g‘ri qo‘yishga yordam beradi. Bog‘liq so‘zlar Bog‘liq so‘z — Related word audience — bir soha: phon = ovoz chiqarish, aud = uni eshitish To‘liq sahifasi
criteria kriterion (yun.) — o‘lchov ★☆☆	5	mezonlar — baholash o‘lchovlari Ot — Noun	meet the criteria · selection criteria · a key criterion	Universities should not rely on examination results as the sole criterion. Universitetlar imtihon natijalarini yagona mezon sifatida olmasligi kerak.
Batafsil — namunalar, izoh, so‘z oilasi Izoh ⚠️ criteria — KO‘PLIK; birligi criterion. ❌ an important criteria → ✅ an important criterion. Ko‘p uchraydigan birikmalar meet the criteria · selection criteria · a key criterion Namunalar Universities should not rely on examination results as the sole criterion. Universitetlar imtihon natijalarini yagona mezon sifatida olmasligi kerak. Bog‘liq so‘zlar Bog‘liq so‘z — Related word phenomenon — ikkalasi ham noto‘g‘ri ko‘plik yasaydi: criteria, phenomena To‘liq sahifasi
overlook over- + look ★☆☆	6	e’tibordan chetda qoldirmoq — sezmay o‘tib ketmoq Fe’l — Verb	over-(over- (ing.) — ortiqcha) overlook the fact that · an often overlooked factor · easily overlooked	Such policies overlook the needs of families on low incomes. Bunday siyosat kam daromadli oilalarning ehtiyojlarini e’tibordan chetda qoldiradi.
Batafsil — namunalar, izoh, so‘z oilasi Izoh Qarshi fikrning kamchiligini ko‘rsatishning eng ixcham yo‘li: This argument overlooks* the cost to rural communities.* Ko‘p uchraydigan birikmalar overlook the fact that · an often overlooked factor · easily overlooked So‘z o‘zagi over-(over- (ing.) — ortiqcha) — ortiqcha — haddan tashqari, ustidan shu o‘zakli so‘zlar → Namunalar Such policies overlook the needs of families on low incomes. Bunday siyosat kam daromadli oilalarning ehtiyojlarini e’tibordan chetda qoldiradi. Bog‘liq so‘zlar Bog‘liq so‘z — Related word undermine — overlook = e’tibor bermaslik; undermine = asosini yemirish To‘liq sahifasi
undermine under- + mine (qazmoq) ★★☆	6	asosini yemirmoq, kuchsizlantirmoq Fe’l — Verb	under-(under- (ing.) — yetarli emas) undermine confidence · undermine the argument · seriously undermined	Excessive testing can undermine students’ motivation to learn. Haddan ortiq imtihon o‘quvchilarning o‘rganish ishtiyoqini yemirishi mumkin.
Batafsil — namunalar, izoh, so‘z oilasi Izoh «Ostidan qazimoq» — sekin-asta zaiflashtirish. Bahsda juda kuchli: Cheap imports undermine* local producers.* Ko‘p uchraydigan birikmalar undermine confidence · undermine the argument · seriously undermined So‘z o‘zagi under-(under- (ing.) — yetarli emas) — kam — yetarli emas, ostida shu o‘zakli so‘zlar → Namunalar Excessive testing can undermine students’ motivation to learn. Haddan ortiq imtihon o‘quvchilarning o‘rganish ishtiyoqini yemirishi mumkin. Bog‘liq so‘zlar Bog‘liq so‘z — Related word overlook — juftlik: over- va under- qo‘shimchalari To‘liq sahifasi
underestimate under- + estimate ★☆☆	5	past baholamoq — haqiqiy qiymatidan kam deb hisoblamoq Fe’l — Verb	under-(under- (ing.) — yetarli emas) should not be underestimated · widely underestimated	The environmental cost of air travel is often underestimated. Havo transportining ekologik narxi ko‘pincha past baholanadi.	overestimate
Batafsil — namunalar, izoh, so‘z oilasi Izoh Tayyor qolip: The importance of early education should not be underestimated. — xulosada juda yaxshi ishlaydi. Ko‘p uchraydigan birikmalar should not be underestimated · widely underestimated So‘z o‘zagi under-(under- (ing.) — yetarli emas) — kam — yetarli emas, ostida shu o‘zakli so‘zlar → Namunalar The environmental cost of air travel is often underestimated. Havo transportining ekologik narxi ko‘pincha past baholanadi. Bog‘liq so‘zlar Antonim — Antonym overestimate — over- = ortiqcha baholash; under- = kam baholash To‘liq sahifasi
inevitable in- + evitare (qochmoq) + -able ★★☆	5	muqarrar — oldini olib bo‘lmaydigan Sifat — Adjective	un-/in-(un- / in- — inkor) -able(-abilis (lat.) — sifat yasovchi) an inevitable consequence · it is inevitable that · inevitably	Some job losses are an inevitable consequence of automation. Ba’zi ish o‘rinlarining yo‘qolishi avtomatlashtirishning muqarrar oqibati.	unavoidable
Batafsil — namunalar, izoh, so‘z oilasi Izoh Ravishi inevitably — jumla boshida juda foydali: Inevitably, such measures will meet resistance. Ko‘p uchraydigan birikmalar an inevitable consequence · it is inevitable that · inevitably So‘z o‘zagi un-/in-(un- / in- — inkor) — inkor — «...siz, ...emas» shu o‘zakli so‘zlar → -able(-abilis (lat.) — sifat yasovchi) — sifat yasovchi — «... qilsa bo‘ladigan» shu o‘zakli so‘zlar → Namunalar Some job losses are an inevitable consequence of automation. Ba’zi ish o‘rinlarining yo‘qolishi avtomatlashtirishning muqarrar oqibati. Bog‘liq so‘zlar Sinonim — Synonym unavoidable — ma’nosi bir xil; inevitable akademikroq eshitiladi To‘liq sahifasi
justify just + -ify ★★☆	5	asoslamoq, oqlamoq — sababini ko‘rsatib to‘g‘riligini isbotlamoq Fe’l — Verb	-ise/-ify(-izein (yun.) / -ficare (lat.) — fe’l yasovchi) difficult to justify · justify the cost · justification for	It is hard to justify subsidising an industry that pollutes so heavily. Shunchalik ko‘p ifloslantiruvchi tarmoqni subsidiyalashni oqlash qiyin.
Batafsil — namunalar, izoh, so‘z oilasi Izoh Bahsda kuchli tuzilma: Such spending is difficult to justify* when hospitals are underfunded.* Oti — justification. Ko‘p uchraydigan birikmalar difficult to justify · justify the cost · justification for So‘z o‘zagi -ise/-ify(-izein (yun.) / -ficare (lat.) — fe’l yasovchi) — fe’l yasovchi — «... ga aylantirmoq» shu o‘zakli so‘zlar → Namunalar It is hard to justify subsidising an industry that pollutes so heavily. Shunchalik ko‘p ifloslantiruvchi tarmoqni subsidiyalashni oqlash qiyin. Bog‘liq so‘zlar Bog‘liq so‘z — Related word advocate — justify = sababini ko‘rsatish; advocate = yoqlab chiqish To‘liq sahifasi
analyse analysis (yun.) — qismlarga ajratish ★★☆	4	tahlil qilmoq — qismlarga ajratib o‘rganmoq Fe’l — Verb	-ise/-ify(-izein (yun.) / -ficare (lat.) — fe’l yasovchi) analyse the data · a detailed analysis · analytical skills	Researchers analysed data from over fifty countries. Tadqiqotchilar ellikdan ortiq mamlakat ma’lumotlarini tahlil qildi.
Batafsil — namunalar, izoh, so‘z oilasi Izoh Britaniyacha analyse, amerikacha analyze. Oti — analysis, ko‘pligi analyses. Ko‘p uchraydigan birikmalar analyse the data · a detailed analysis · analytical skills So‘z o‘zagi -ise/-ify(-izein (yun.) / -ficare (lat.) — fe’l yasovchi) — fe’l yasovchi — «... ga aylantirmoq» shu o‘zakli so‘zlar → Namunalar Researchers analysed data from over fifty countries. Tadqiqotchilar ellikdan ortiq mamlakat ma’lumotlarini tahlil qildi. Bog‘liq so‘zlar Bog‘liq so‘z — Related word evaluate — analyse = qismlarga ajratish; evaluate = qiymatini baholash To‘liq sahifasi
evaluate ★★☆	5	baholamoq — qiymatini yoki samarasini o‘lchamoq Fe’l — Verb	evaluate the effectiveness of · a thorough evaluation	Governments rarely evaluate the long-term impact of these schemes. Hukumatlar bunday dasturlarning uzoq muddatli ta’sirini kamdan-kam baholaydi.
Batafsil — namunalar, izoh, so‘z oilasi Izoh Task 2 da chorani baholashda: It is difficult to evaluate* the effectiveness of such policies.* Ko‘p uchraydigan birikmalar evaluate the effectiveness of · a thorough evaluation Namunalar Governments rarely evaluate the long-term impact of these schemes. Hukumatlar bunday dasturlarning uzoq muddatli ta’sirini kamdan-kam baholaydi. Bog‘liq so‘zlar Bog‘liq so‘z — Related word analyse — analyse = tahlil; evaluate = baho To‘liq sahifasi
constitute ★☆☆	6	tashkil etmoq — «... hisoblanadi» Fe’l — Verb	constitute a threat · constitute the majority · this constitutes	Air pollution constitutes the single greatest health risk in many cities. Havo ifloslanishi ko‘p shaharlarda eng katta yagona sog‘liq xavfini tashkil etadi.	account for
Batafsil — namunalar, izoh, so‘z oilasi Izoh Ikki ma’no: miqdor (Women constitute* 60% of graduates) va baho (This constitutes a serious threat). Ikkinchisi Task 2 uchun kuchli. Ko‘p uchraydigan birikmalar constitute a threat · constitute the majority · this constitutes Namunalar Air pollution constitutes the single greatest health risk in many cities. Havo ifloslanishi ko‘p shaharlarda eng katta yagona sog‘liq xavfini tashkil etadi. Bog‘liq so‘zlar Sinonim — Synonym account for* — account for = foizni aytadi; constitute = ta’rif beradi To‘liq sahifasi
attribute ★★☆	6	bog‘lamoq, sabab qilib ko‘rsatmoq — «... ga bog‘liq deb bilmoq» Fe’l — Verb	attribute X to Y · can be attributed to · widely attributed to	The improvement is largely attributed to investment in teacher training. Yaxshilanish asosan o‘qituvchilarni tayyorlashga sarmoya kiritilgani bilan bog‘lanadi.
Batafsil — namunalar, izoh, so‘z oilasi Izoh Sababni ehtiyotkorlik bilan aytadi: The decline can be attributed to* falling birth rates.* — «sabab shu» deb qat’iy da’vo qilmaydi, shuning uchun Band 7 uchun ideal. Ko‘p uchraydigan birikmalar attribute X to Y · can be attributed to · widely attributed to Namunalar The improvement is largely attributed to investment in teacher training. Yaxshilanish asosan o‘qituvchilarni tayyorlashga sarmoya kiritilgani bilan bog‘lanadi. Bog‘liq so‘zlar Bog‘liq so‘z — Related word stem from — attribute to = biz bog‘laymiz; stem from = o‘zi kelib chiqadi To‘liq sahifasi
stem from ★☆☆	6	kelib chiqmoq — ildizi shunda bo‘lmoq Ibora — Phrase & collocation	stem from poverty · problems stemming from	Much of the resistance stems from a lack of reliable information. Qarshilikning katta qismi ishonchli ma’lumot yetishmasligidan kelib chiqadi.
Batafsil — namunalar, izoh, so‘z oilasi Izoh result from ning obrazli varianti: Many social problems stem from* inadequate housing.* Ko‘p uchraydigan birikmalar stem from poverty · problems stemming from Namunalar Much of the resistance stems from a lack of reliable information. Qarshilikning katta qismi ishonchli ma’lumot yetishmasligidan kelib chiqadi. Bog‘liq so‘zlar Bog‘liq so‘z — Related word attribute — stem from = sabab tomondan; attribute to = xulosa tomondan To‘liq sahifasi
advocate ★★☆	6	yoqlab chiqmoq, targ‘ib qilmoq Fe’l — Verb	advocate reform · advocates of the policy · strongly advocate	Some economists advocate raising taxes on high-carbon industries. Ba’zi iqtisodchilar yuqori uglerodli tarmoqlarga solig‘ni oshirishni yoqlab chiqadi.	oppose
Batafsil — namunalar, izoh, so‘z oilasi Izoh Ot sifatida ham: advocates of free education argue that… — bu Task 2 da qarashni kimga tegishli ekanini aytishning tabiiy yo‘li. Ko‘p uchraydigan birikmalar advocate reform · advocates of the policy · strongly advocate Namunalar Some economists advocate raising taxes on high-carbon industries. Ba’zi iqtisodchilar yuqori uglerodli tarmoqlarga solig‘ni oshirishni yoqlab chiqadi. Bog‘liq so‘zlar Antonim — Antonym oppose — advocate = yoqlamoq; oppose = qarshi chiqmoq To‘liq sahifasi
oppose ★★☆	4	qarshi chiqmoq Fe’l — Verb	oppose the plan · strongly opposed to · opposition to	Local communities opposed the construction of the new airport. Mahalliy aholi yangi aeroport qurilishiga qarshi chiqdi.	advocate
Batafsil — namunalar, izoh, so‘z oilasi Izoh Sifat shakli predlog oladi: be opposed to + ot/-ing — Residents are strongly opposed to* the development.* Ko‘p uchraydigan birikmalar oppose the plan · strongly opposed to · opposition to Namunalar Local communities opposed the construction of the new airport. Mahalliy aholi yangi aeroport qurilishiga qarshi chiqdi. Bog‘liq so‘zlar Antonim — Antonym advocate — oppose = qarshi; advocate = tarafdor To‘liq sahifasi
arguably ★★☆	6	ehtimol, bahsli ravishda — «aytish mumkinki» Ravish — Adverb	arguably the most important · this is arguably	Automation is arguably the greatest challenge facing the labour market. Avtomatlashtirish, aytish mumkinki, mehnat bozori oldidagi eng katta muammo.
Batafsil — namunalar, izoh, so‘z oilasi Izoh Kuchli da’voni bahsga ochiq qoldiradi — hedging’ning eng ixcham shakli: Education is arguably* the most effective long-term solution.* Ko‘p uchraydigan birikmalar arguably the most important · this is arguably Namunalar Automation is arguably the greatest challenge facing the labour market. Avtomatlashtirish, aytish mumkinki, mehnat bozori oldidagi eng katta muammo. Bog‘liq so‘zlar Bog‘liq so‘z — Related word undoubtedly — arguably = bahsli; undoubtedly = shubhasiz (teskari kuch) To‘liq sahifasi
undoubtedly ★☆☆	5	shubhasiz — aniq, inkor qilib bo‘lmaydigan Ravish — Adverb	undoubtedly true · has undoubtedly improved	Vaccination has undoubtedly saved millions of lives. Emlash shubhasiz millionlab hayotni saqlab qoldi.	arguably
Batafsil — namunalar, izoh, so‘z oilasi Izoh Qarshi tomonning haqiqiy tomonini tan olish uchun juda mos: Technology has undoubtedly* improved access to information; however, …* Ko‘p uchraydigan birikmalar undoubtedly true · has undoubtedly improved Namunalar Vaccination has undoubtedly saved millions of lives. Emlash shubhasiz millionlab hayotni saqlab qoldi. Bog‘liq so‘zlar Antonim — Antonym arguably — undoubtedly = shubhasiz; arguably = bahsli To‘liq sahifasi
significant ★★★	3	sezilarli, muhim — e’tiborga loyiq darajadagi Sifat — Adjective	a significant increase · significantly higher · of great significance	There has been a significant shift in public attitudes since 2010. 2010-yildan beri jamoatchilik qarashlarida sezilarli o‘zgarish yuz berdi.	considerable
Batafsil — namunalar, izoh, so‘z oilasi Izoh Task 1 va Task 2 ning eng ko‘p kerak bo‘ladigan sifati. Aynan shuning uchun uni considerable, substantial, marked bilan almashtirib turing. Ko‘p uchraydigan birikmalar a significant increase · significantly higher · of great significance Namunalar There has been a significant shift in public attitudes since 2010. 2010-yildan beri jamoatchilik qarashlarida sezilarli o‘zgarish yuz berdi. Bog‘liq so‘zlar Sinonim — Synonym considerable — ma’nosi yaqin; significant «muhim» ma’nosini ham beradi To‘liq sahifasi
widespread ★★☆	4	keng tarqalgan Sifat — Adjective	widespread use of · widespread concern · become widespread	The widespread use of smartphones has changed how families communicate. Smartfonlarning keng tarqalishi oilalar muloqot qilish tarzini o‘zgartirdi.	prevalent
Batafsil — namunalar, izoh, so‘z oilasi Izoh Many people… gapini bir so‘zga siqadi: There is widespread* concern about screen time among children.* Ko‘p uchraydigan birikmalar widespread use of · widespread concern · become widespread Namunalar The widespread use of smartphones has changed how families communicate. Smartfonlarning keng tarqalishi oilalar muloqot qilish tarzini o‘zgartirdi. Bog‘liq so‘zlar Sinonim — Synonym prevalent — prevalent = ayni bir joyda/guruhda keng tarqalgan; widespread = umuman hamma joyda To‘liq sahifasi
crucial ★★☆	4	hal qiluvchi, o‘ta muhim Sifat — Adjective	play a crucial role · crucial to success · it is crucial that	Access to clean water is crucial to public health. Toza suvdan foydalanish jamoat salomatligi uchun hal qiluvchi ahamiyatga ega.	essential
Batafsil — namunalar, izoh, so‘z oilasi Izoh play a crucial role in + -ing — Task 2 uchun tayyor birikma: Schools play a crucial role in* shaping attitudes.* Ko‘p uchraydigan birikmalar play a crucial role · crucial to success · it is crucial that Namunalar Access to clean water is crucial to public health. Toza suvdan foydalanish jamoat salomatligi uchun hal qiluvchi ahamiyatga ega. Bog‘liq so‘zlar Sinonim — Synonym essential — ma’nosi bir xil — takrorlanmaslik uchun almashtiring To‘liq sahifasi
essential ★★☆	3	zarur, muhim — usiz bo‘lmaydigan Sifat — Adjective	essential for · it is essential that · essential services	Practical experience is essential for graduates entering the job market. Amaliy tajriba mehnat bozoriga kirayotgan bitiruvchilar uchun zarur.	crucial
Batafsil — namunalar, izoh, so‘z oilasi Izoh Predlogi: essential for/to. Subjunctive bilan: It is essential that* every child have access to education.* Ko‘p uchraydigan birikmalar essential for · it is essential that · essential services Namunalar Practical experience is essential for graduates entering the job market. Amaliy tajriba mehnat bozoriga kirayotgan bitiruvchilar uchun zarur. Bog‘liq so‘zlar Sinonim — Synonym crucial — crucial biroz kuchliroq — «hal qiluvchi» To‘liq sahifasi
controversial ★★☆	5	bahsli, munozarali — qarama-qarshi fikr uyg‘otadigan Sifat — Adjective	a controversial issue · remains controversial · controversy	Compulsory military service remains a controversial issue in many countries. Majburiy harbiy xizmat ko‘p mamlakatlarda hamon bahsli masala bo‘lib qolmoqda.
Batafsil — namunalar, izoh, so‘z oilasi Izoh Kirish xatboshi uchun tayyor boshlanma: The question of whether X should be banned remains controversial. Oti — controversy. Ko‘p uchraydigan birikmalar a controversial issue · remains controversial · controversy Namunalar Compulsory military service remains a controversial issue in many countries. Majburiy harbiy xizmat ko‘p mamlakatlarda hamon bahsli masala bo‘lib qolmoqda. Bog‘liq so‘zlar Bog‘liq so‘z — Related word contradict — bir ildizdan emas, lekin ikkalasi ham qarama-qarshilik haqida To‘liq sahifasi
beneficial ★★☆	4	foydali — naf keltiradigan Sifat — Adjective	beneficial to health · mutually beneficial · the benefits of	Bilingual education has proved beneficial to cognitive development. Ikki tilli ta’lim kognitiv rivojlanish uchun foydali ekani isbotlandi.	detrimental
Batafsil — namunalar, izoh, so‘z oilasi Izoh Predlogi to yoki for: beneficial to the economy. Good for ning akademik varianti. Ko‘p uchraydigan birikmalar beneficial to health · mutually beneficial · the benefits of Namunalar Bilingual education has proved beneficial to cognitive development. Ikki tilli ta’lim kognitiv rivojlanish uchun foydali ekani isbotlandi. Bog‘liq so‘zlar Antonim — Antonym detrimental — beneficial = foydali; detrimental = zararli To‘liq sahifasi
detrimental ★★☆	6	zararli — salbiy ta’sir ko‘rsatadigan Sifat — Adjective	detrimental to health · a detrimental effect on	Long commutes have a detrimental effect on family life. Uzoq qatnov oila hayotiga salbiy ta’sir ko‘rsatadi.	beneficial
Batafsil — namunalar, izoh, so‘z oilasi Izoh bad for ning akademik varianti — Task 2 da juda ko‘p kerak bo‘ladi: Excessive screen time can be detrimental to* children’s sleep.* Ko‘p uchraydigan birikmalar detrimental to health · a detrimental effect on Namunalar Long commutes have a detrimental effect on family life. Uzoq qatnov oila hayotiga salbiy ta’sir ko‘rsatadi. Bog‘liq so‘zlar Antonim — Antonym beneficial — detrimental = zararli; beneficial = foydali To‘liq sahifasi
viable ★☆☆	6	hayotga tatbiq etsa bo‘ladigan — amalda ishlaydigan Sifat — Adjective	-able(-abilis (lat.) — sifat yasovchi) a viable alternative · economically viable · viable solution	Wind power has become an economically viable option for many countries. Shamol energiyasi ko‘p mamlakatlar uchun iqtisodiy jihatdan maqbul variantga aylandi.	feasible
Batafsil — namunalar, izoh, so‘z oilasi Izoh a viable alternative — yechim taklif qilishda eng foydali birikmalardan: Rail travel is a viable alternative* to short-haul flights.* Ko‘p uchraydigan birikmalar a viable alternative · economically viable · viable solution So‘z o‘zagi -able(-abilis (lat.) — sifat yasovchi) — sifat yasovchi — «... qilsa bo‘ladigan» shu o‘zakli so‘zlar → Namunalar Wind power has become an economically viable option for many countries. Shamol energiyasi ko‘p mamlakatlar uchun iqtisodiy jihatdan maqbul variantga aylandi. Bog‘liq so‘zlar Sinonim — Synonym feasible — feasible = amalga oshirsa bo‘ladigan; viable = uzoq muddat yashab keta oladigan To‘liq sahifasi
feasible ★☆☆	6	amalga oshirsa bo‘ladigan — imkoni bor Sifat — Adjective	technically feasible · a feasible solution · feasibility	Free public transport is feasible only in relatively wealthy cities. Bepul jamoat transporti faqat nisbatan boy shaharlarda amalga oshsa bo‘ladi.	viable
Batafsil — namunalar, izoh, so‘z oilasi Izoh Taklifning kuchsiz tomonini tan olishda: Such a scheme may not be feasible* in poorer regions.* Ko‘p uchraydigan birikmalar technically feasible · a feasible solution · feasibility Namunalar Free public transport is feasible only in relatively wealthy cities. Bepul jamoat transporti faqat nisbatan boy shaharlarda amalga oshsa bo‘ladi. Bog‘liq so‘zlar Sinonim — Synonym viable — feasible = qilib bo‘ladi; viable = davom ettirib bo‘ladi To‘liq sahifasi
address ★★★	5	hal qilishga kirishmoq — muammo bilan shug‘ullanmoq Fe’l — Verb	address the problem · address the root cause · needs to be addressed	Any lasting solution must address the underlying economic causes. Har qanday barqaror yechim asosdagi iqtisodiy sabablarni hal qilishi kerak.	tackle
Batafsil — namunalar, izoh, so‘z oilasi Izoh «Manzil» emas! Task 2 da muammoga qaratilgan harakat: These policies fail to address* the root cause of the problem.* — qarshi dalilni tanqid qilishning eng qulay yo‘li. Ko‘p uchraydigan birikmalar address the problem · address the root cause · needs to be addressed Namunalar Any lasting solution must address the underlying economic causes. Har qanday barqaror yechim asosdagi iqtisodiy sabablarni hal qilishi kerak. Bog‘liq so‘zlar Sinonim — Synonym tackle — tackle = biroz og‘zakiroq va faolroq; address = akademik To‘liq sahifasi
tackle ★★☆	4	kurashmoq, hal qilishga urinmoq Fe’l — Verb	tackle climate change · tackle crime · tackle the issue	Cities are using congestion charges to tackle traffic and pollution. Shaharlar tirbandlik va ifloslanishga qarshi kurashish uchun yig‘imlardan foydalanmoqda.	address
Batafsil — namunalar, izoh, so‘z oilasi Izoh Sport ma’nosidan kelib chiqqan, lekin siyosat tilida butunlay tabiiy: measures to tackle* air pollution. Ko‘p uchraydigan birikmalar tackle climate change · tackle crime · tackle the issue Namunalar Cities are using congestion charges to tackle traffic and pollution. Shaharlar tirbandlik va ifloslanishga qarshi kurashish uchun yig‘imlardan foydalanmoqda. Bog‘liq so‘zlar Sinonim — Synonym address* — address = rasmiyroq; tackle = jonliroq To‘liq sahifasi
alleviate ★☆☆	6	yengillashtirmoq — muammoni qisman kamaytirmoq Fe’l — Verb	alleviate poverty · alleviate pressure on · help alleviate	New housing would alleviate overcrowding in the city centre. Yangi uy-joylar shahar markazidagi tig‘izlikni yengillashtirardi.	tackle
Batafsil — namunalar, izoh, so‘z oilasi Izoh «Hal qilmaydi, lekin yengillashtiradi» — ehtiyotkor va aniq: Subsidies can alleviate* the pressure on low-income families.* Ko‘p uchraydigan birikmalar alleviate poverty · alleviate pressure on · help alleviate Namunalar New housing would alleviate overcrowding in the city centre. Yangi uy-joylar shahar markazidagi tig‘izlikni yengillashtirardi. Bog‘liq so‘zlar Sinonim — Synonym tackle — tackle = muammoga hujum; alleviate = og‘riqni kamaytirish To‘liq sahifasi
distinguish ★☆☆	5	farqlamoq — bir-biridan ajratmoq Fe’l — Verb	distinguish between X and Y · a clear distinction	It is important to distinguish between correlation and causation. Bog‘liqlik bilan sababiyatni farqlash muhim.
Batafsil — namunalar, izoh, so‘z oilasi Izoh Qolipi: distinguish between A and B. Oti — distinction: It is important to draw a distinction between* …* Ko‘p uchraydigan birikmalar distinguish between X and Y · a clear distinction Namunalar It is important to distinguish between correlation and causation. Bog‘liqlik bilan sababiyatni farqlash muhim. Bog‘liq so‘zlar Bog‘liq so‘z — Related word compare — distinguish = farqni ko‘rsatish; compare = ikkalasini qiyoslash To‘liq sahifasi
notion ★☆☆	6	qarash, taxmin — asoslanmagan bo‘lishi mumkin bo‘lgan fikr Ot — Noun	the notion that · reject the notion · a popular notion	The notion that young people are less engaged politically is questionable. Yoshlar siyosatga kamroq qiziqadi degan qarash bahsli.	concept
Batafsil — namunalar, izoh, so‘z oilasi Izoh Ichida yengil shubha bor — shuning uchun qarshi fikrni kiritishda juda mos: The notion that* money buys happiness is widely challenged.* Ko‘p uchraydigan birikmalar the notion that · reject the notion · a popular notion Namunalar The notion that young people are less engaged politically is questionable. Yoshlar siyosatga kamroq qiziqadi degan qarash bahsli. Bog‘liq so‘zlar Sinonim — Synonym concept — concept = shakllangan tushuncha; notion = shubhali qarash To‘liq sahifasi
effective ★★★	3	samarali, natija beradigan — maqsadga erishadigan Sifat — Adjective	an effective solution · prove effective · the most effective way to	Public awareness campaigns have proved surprisingly effective. Aholi xabardorligini oshirish kampaniyalari kutilmaganda samarali bo‘ldi.	efficient
Batafsil — namunalar, izoh, so‘z oilasi Izoh ⚠️ effective (natija beradi) ≠ efficient (tejamli). Task 2 xulosasida: the most effective* long-term solution. Ko‘p uchraydigan birikmalar an effective solution · prove effective · the most effective way to Namunalar Public awareness campaigns have proved surprisingly effective. Aholi xabardorligini oshirish kampaniyalari kutilmaganda samarali bo‘ldi. Bog‘liq so‘zlar Sinonim — Synonym efficient* — effective = ishlaydi; efficient = arzon va tez ishlaydi To‘liq sahifasi

Vocabulary bank · Lug‘at bazasi

Akademik til — Academic language

Izoh

Ko‘p uchraydigan birikmalar

So‘z o‘zagi

Namunalar

Bog‘liq so‘zlar

Izoh

Ko‘p uchraydigan birikmalar

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Izoh

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Izoh

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Namunalar

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Izoh

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Namunalar

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Izoh

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Namunalar

Bog‘liq so‘zlar

Izoh

Ko‘p uchraydigan birikmalar

Namunalar

Bog‘liq so‘zlar

Izoh

Ko‘p uchraydigan birikmalar

So‘z o‘zagi

Namunalar

Bog‘liq so‘zlar

Izoh

Ko‘p uchraydigan birikmalar