Grammar bank · Grammatika bazasi

116 grammar patterns for IELTS — meaning, where it attaches, examples and the near-synonyms you keep mixing up.

Qanday ishlatiladi: bitta grammatikani qidirsangiz — yuqoridagi qidiruvdan yozing. Bir-biriga o‘xshash grammatikalarni solishtirish uchun “Ma’nosi bo‘yicha” ko‘rinishiga o‘ting: bir xil ma’noli barcha shakllar (masalan, hamma sabab grammatikalari) yonma-yon turadi. Har qatordagi “Batafsil” ni bosing — namunalar, farqi va tez-tez qilinadigan xatolar ochiladi.
Ko‘rinish
Turi bo‘yicha Ma’nosi bo‘yicha (sinonimlar)
Band daraja
Band 5 5 Band 5.5 15 Band 6 25 Band 6.5 31 Band 7 22 Band 7.5+ 18
Ma’no guruhi
Sabab — Cause 2 Natija — Result & consequence 3 Qarama-qarshilik — Contrast 5 Qarshi qo‘yish — Concession 3 Shart — Condition 8 Vaqt va ketma-ketlik — Time & sequence 15 Maqsad — Purpose 3 Qiyoslash — Comparison 7 O‘zgarish va tendensiya — Trend & change 2 Daraja va miqdor — Degree & quantity 10 Ehtiyotkor fikr — Hedging 5 Ta’kid — Emphasis 5 Misol keltirish — Exemplification 1 Umumlashtirish — Summarising 1 Ishora va o‘rin bosish — Reference 3 Sanash va qo‘shish — Listing & addition 4 Taxmin — Speculation 3 Majburiyat va ruxsat — Obligation 7 Imkoniyat — Possibility & ability 1 Ko‘chirma gap — Reported speech 2 Baho va munosabat — Attitude 1 Gap bo‘lagi — Sentence element 25
Grammatik turi
Zamonlar — Tenses & aspect 14 Modal fe’llar — Modals 12 Ergash gaplar — Clauses 12 Shart gaplar — Conditionals 11 Majhul nisbat va nominalizatsiya — Passive 8 Artikl va aniqlovchilar — Articles & determiners 11 Predloglar — Prepositions 11 Qiyoslash shakllari — Comparison 9 Fe’l qoliplari — Gerunds & infinitives 8 Bog‘lash vositalari — Linking & cohesion 12 Murakkab tuzilmalar — Advanced structures 8
6 / 116 shown Filtrlarni tozalash

Gap bo‘lagi — Sentence element

6 ta
Grammatika Daraja Ma’nosi Qo‘shilishi Namuna O‘xshashlari
wh-clause ★★☆ 4 so‘roq so‘zli ergash gap — «nima/qanday/nega ... ligi» verb + what/how/why/whether + S + V The table illustrates how many hours people spent online each week. Jadval odamlar har hafta internetda necha soat o‘tkazganini ko‘rsatadi. that-clause
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

⚠️ Ichkarida so‘roq tartibi ISHLATILMAYDI: ❌ I don’t know where is it → ✅ I don’t know where it is. do/does/did ham tushadi: ❌ how does it work → ✅ how it works.

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

Task 1 kirishini qayta yozishning eng qulay usuli: The chart shows how much electricity each country produced. — savol matnini ko‘chirmasdan boshqacha aytasiz.

⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato

❌ The graph shows what is the number of students → ✅ shows what the number of students is, yoki soddaroq: ✅ shows the number of students.

Namunalar

  • The table illustrates how many hours people spent online each week. Jadval odamlar har hafta internetda necha soat o‘tkazganini ko‘rsatadi.
  • It is unclear whether stricter laws would reduce crime. Qattiqroq qonunlar jinoyatchilikni kamaytirar-kamaytirmasligi noaniq.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

  • that-clause — that = tasdiqni uzatadi; wh-clause = savolni uzatadi
To‘liq sahifasi
an increase in / an impact on ★★★ 4 ot + predlog juftlari — «... dagi o‘sish», «... ga ta’sir» noun + in/on/of/to + noun The policy had a significant impact on air quality in the city centre. Bu siyosat shahar markazidagi havo sifatiga sezilarli ta’sir ko‘rsatdi. nominalisation adjective + preposition
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

Yodlanadigan juftlar: an increase / a rise / a fall / a decline in · an impact / an effect / pressure on · a solution / an approach / access to · the cause / the number / the proportion of · a reason for.

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

Nominalizatsiya bilan birga ishlatiladi va Task 1 ni takrorlanishdan qutqaradi: There was a sharp increase in demand = Demand increased sharply — bir xil ma’no, boshqa tuzilma.

⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato

❌ an increase of tourists → ✅ an increase in the number of tourists (an increase of 20% — bu miqdor, boshqa narsa).

❌ impact to the environment → ✅ impact on the environment.

Namunalar

  • The policy had a significant impact on air quality in the city centre. Bu siyosat shahar markazidagi havo sifatiga sezilarli ta’sir ko‘rsatdi.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

To‘liq sahifasi
adjective + preposition ★★☆ 4 sifat + predlog juftlari — «... uchun javobgar», «... dan xabardor» adj + of/for/to/with/in Industry is responsible for nearly a third of total emissions. Sanoat umumiy chiqindilarning deyarli uchdan bir qismi uchun javobgar. an increase in / an impact on verb + preposition
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

Eng kerakli juftlar: responsible for · aware of · capable of · similar to · different from · familiar with · dependent on · essential to/for · interested in · concerned about.

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

Bularni qoida bilan chiqarib bo‘lmaydi — juft holda yodlanadi. Lug‘at daftaringizga sifatni yolg‘iz emas, predlogi bilan yozing.

⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato

❌ different than (amerikacha) → Britaniya imtihonida ✅ different from · ❌ responsible of → ✅ responsible for.

Namunalar

  • Industry is responsible for nearly a third of total emissions. Sanoat umumiy chiqindilarning deyarli uchdan bir qismi uchun javobgar.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

To‘liq sahifasi
verb + preposition ★★★ 4 fe’l + predlog juftlari — «... ga bog‘liq», «... dan iborat» verb + on/of/to/for/with Renewable sources accounted for just under a fifth of electricity generation. Qayta tiklanuvchi manbalar elektr ishlab chiqarishning beshdan biriga yaqinini tashkil qildi. adjective + preposition preposition + -ing
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

depend on · consist of · contribute to · lead to · account for · benefit from · cope with · rely on · focus on · invest in · suffer from. ⚠️ Predlogdan keyin fe’l kelsa — -ing shaklida.

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

account for Task 1 uchun alohida muhim: Coal accounted for 40% of total output. — foizni aytishning eng akademik yo‘li.

⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato

❌ discuss about the problem → ✅ discuss the problem (predlog kerak emas) · ❌ emphasise on → ✅ emphasise something.

Namunalar

  • Renewable sources accounted for just under a fifth of electricity generation. Qayta tiklanuvchi manbalar elektr ishlab chiqarishning beshdan biriga yaqinini tashkil qildi.
  • The success of the scheme depends largely on public awareness. Loyihaning muvaffaqiyati ko‘p jihatdan aholining xabardorligiga bog‘liq.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

To‘liq sahifasi
verb + object + to-infinitive ★★☆ 4 birovga nimadir qildirish — «... ni ... qilishga undamoq» verb + somebody + to + V Free public transport would encourage commuters to leave their cars at home. Bepul jamoat transporti qatnovchilarni mashinasini uyda qoldirishga undardi. verb + to-infinitive make / let / have (causative)
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

encourage / allow / enable / persuade / force / require / advise / expect / want + to‘ldiruvchi + to + fe’l: encourage people to recycle. ⚠️ make va let bu qolipga kirmaydi — ular to siz.

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

Task 2 yechim jumlalarining asosiy qolipi: Tax incentives would encourage companies to invest in cleaner technology and enable households to reduce their bills.

⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato

❌ allow to students to choose → ✅ allow students to choose · ❌ suggest me to study → ✅ advise me to study (suggest bu qolipni olmaydi).

Namunalar

  • Free public transport would encourage commuters to leave their cars at home. Bepul jamoat transporti qatnovchilarni mashinasini uyda qoldirishga undardi.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

To‘liq sahifasi
-ing as subject ★★☆ 4 -ing shakli ega o‘rnida — «... qilish (foydali)» V-ing + verb (singular) Encouraging cycling has proved cheaper than expanding the road network. Velosipedni rag‘batlantirish yo‘l tarmog‘ini kengaytirishdan arzonroq bo‘lib chiqdi. it is + adjective + that/to nominalisation
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

-ing birikmasi ega bo‘lganda fe’l birlikda: Investing in education is the most effective strategy. Muqobil: To invest in education is… (rasmiyroq, kamroq tabiiy).

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

Gapni fe’ldan boshlash — insho jumlalarini xilma-xil qilishning oson yo‘li. Ketma-ket uchta gap The government… bilan boshlansa, bittasini shunga aylantiring.

⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato

❌ Reduce emissions is essential → ✅ Reducing emissions is essential.

❌ Building new roads are expensive → ✅ is expensive — ega birlik.

Namunalar

  • Encouraging cycling has proved cheaper than expanding the road network. Velosipedni rag‘batlantirish yo‘l tarmog‘ini kengaytirishdan arzonroq bo‘lib chiqdi.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

To‘liq sahifasi