verb + to-infinitive
to + fe’l oladigan fe’llar — «... qilishga»
Qanday yasaladi
verb + to + V
Shu fe’llardan keyin doim to + fe’l: aim, tend, fail, manage, decide, hope, expect, refuse, agree, offer, seem, appear, afford, learn.
Namunalar — Examples
Many countries have failed to meet their emissions targets.
Ko‘p mamlakatlar chiqindilar bo‘yicha maqsadlarini bajara olmadi.
Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi
Akademik yozuvda eng foydalilari: tend to (hedging), fail to (Policies that fail to address the root cause…), aim to (This essay aims to examine…).
⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato
❌ They decided building a new line → ✅ decided to build · ❌ manage doing → ✅ manage to do.
O‘xshash shakllar va farqi
| verb + -ing (gerund) | boshqa ro‘yxat — bir xil ma’noda ikkalasini ishlatib bo‘lmaydi |
| verb + object + to-infinitive | oradagi to‘ldiruvchi bilan qolip o‘zgaradi |
Shu ma’nodagi boshqa grammatikalar — Gap bo‘lagi — Sentence element
defining relative clause T3
non-defining relative clause T5
preposition + which T6
reduced relative clause T6
that-clause T3
the fact that T5
wh-clause T4
the passive T3
have / get something done T5
nominalisation T6
there is / there are T2
a / an T1
Hammasini jadvalda solishtirish