Grammar bank · Grammatika bazasi

116 grammar patterns for IELTS — meaning, where it attaches, examples and the near-synonyms you keep mixing up.

Qanday ishlatiladi: bitta grammatikani qidirsangiz — yuqoridagi qidiruvdan yozing. Bir-biriga o‘xshash grammatikalarni solishtirish uchun “Ma’nosi bo‘yicha” ko‘rinishiga o‘ting: bir xil ma’noli barcha shakllar (masalan, hamma sabab grammatikalari) yonma-yon turadi. Har qatordagi “Batafsil” ni bosing — namunalar, farqi va tez-tez qilinadigan xatolar ochiladi.
Ko‘rinish
Turi bo‘yicha Ma’nosi bo‘yicha (sinonimlar)
Band daraja
Band 5 5 Band 5.5 15 Band 6 25 Band 6.5 31 Band 7 22 Band 7.5+ 18
Ma’no guruhi
Sabab — Cause 2 Natija — Result & consequence 3 Qarama-qarshilik — Contrast 5 Qarshi qo‘yish — Concession 3 Shart — Condition 8 Vaqt va ketma-ketlik — Time & sequence 15 Maqsad — Purpose 3 Qiyoslash — Comparison 7 O‘zgarish va tendensiya — Trend & change 2 Daraja va miqdor — Degree & quantity 10 Ehtiyotkor fikr — Hedging 5 Ta’kid — Emphasis 5 Misol keltirish — Exemplification 1 Umumlashtirish — Summarising 1 Ishora va o‘rin bosish — Reference 3 Sanash va qo‘shish — Listing & addition 4 Taxmin — Speculation 3 Majburiyat va ruxsat — Obligation 7 Imkoniyat — Possibility & ability 1 Ko‘chirma gap — Reported speech 2 Baho va munosabat — Attitude 1 Gap bo‘lagi — Sentence element 25
Grammatik turi
Zamonlar — Tenses & aspect 14 Modal fe’llar — Modals 12 Ergash gaplar — Clauses 12 Shart gaplar — Conditionals 11 Majhul nisbat va nominalizatsiya — Passive 8 Artikl va aniqlovchilar — Articles & determiners 11 Predloglar — Prepositions 11 Qiyoslash shakllari — Comparison 9 Fe’l qoliplari — Gerunds & infinitives 8 Bog‘lash vositalari — Linking & cohesion 12 Murakkab tuzilmalar — Advanced structures 8
4 / 116 shown Filtrlarni tozalash

Majhul nisbat va nominalizatsiya — Passive

4 ta
Grammatika Daraja Ma’nosi Qo‘shilishi Namuna O‘xshashlari
the passive ★★★ 3 majhul nisbat — «... qilinadi, qilindi» (bajaruvchi aytilmaydi) S + be + V3 (+ by …) Stricter regulations were introduced after the accident. Baxtsiz hodisadan keyin qattiqroq qoidalar joriy etildi. the process passive (Task 1) modal + passive nominalisation
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

be ning kerakli zamondagi shakli + 3-shakl: is built · was built · has been built · is being built · will be built. Bajaruvchi muhim bo‘lsagina by qo‘shiladi.

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

Nima uchun IELTS uni yaxshi ko‘radi: akademik yozuvda ish muhim, kim qilgani emas. People built the bridge in 1990 → The bridge was built in 1990.

⚠️ Butun inshoni passive’da yozmang — matn og‘ir va noaniq bo‘ladi. Har xatboshida 1-2 ta yetadi.

⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato

❌ The problem is discuss in this essay → ✅ is discussed.

❌ be ni tushirib qoldirish: The report published last year («hisobot nashr qildi») → ✅ The report was published last year.

Namunalar

  • Stricter regulations were introduced after the accident. Baxtsiz hodisadan keyin qattiqroq qoidalar joriy etildi.
  • The beans are harvested, dried and then transported to the factory. Doni yig‘iladi, quritiladi va so‘ng zavodga tashiladi.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

To‘liq sahifasi
have / get something done ★☆☆ 5 birovga qildirish — «... qildirmoq» S + have/get + object + V3 Many companies have their products manufactured overseas. Ko‘p kompaniyalar mahsulotini chet elda ishlab chiqartiradi. make / let / have (causative)
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

have (neytral) yoki get (og‘zakiroq) + ot + 3-shakl: have a house built, get the car repaired. Ega ishni o‘zi bajarmaydi — boshqaga qildiradi.

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

Speaking’da juda tabiiy: I had my documents translated. Writing’da esa xizmatlar haqida gapirganda: Wealthier families have their children tutored privately.

⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato

❌ I repaired my laptop — bu «o‘zim ta’mirladim» degani. Ustaga bergan bo‘lsangiz: ✅ I had my laptop repaired.

Namunalar

  • Many companies have their products manufactured overseas. Ko‘p kompaniyalar mahsulotini chet elda ishlab chiqartiradi.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

To‘liq sahifasi
nominalisation ★★☆ 6 otlashtirish — fe’lni otga aylantirib, akademik uslub yasash verb → noun (decide → the decision) The introduction of congestion charges led to a marked reduction in traffic. Tirbandlik yig‘imining joriy etilishi transport oqimining sezilarli kamayishiga olib keldi. the passive the fact that
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

Fe’l yoki sifatni otga aylantiring va uni gapning egasi qiling: The government decided to cut spending, which affected schools. → The government’s decision to cut spending had a significant impact on schools.

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

Akademik uslubning eng ko‘zga ko‘rinadigan belgisi. Ko‘p ishlatiladigan juftlar: decide → decision · grow → growth · reduce → reduction · consume → consumption · pollute → pollution · unemployed → unemployment.

Foydasi ikki karra: matn zichlashadi va gapni ot bilan boshlash imkonini beradi — The rapid expansion of cities has placed enormous pressure on infrastructure.

⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato

❌ Haddan tashqari otlashtirish gapni o‘qib bo‘lmas qiladi: The implementation of the reduction of the utilisation of… — bitta gapda 1-2 ta ot yetarli.

Namunalar

  • The introduction of congestion charges led to a marked reduction in traffic. Tirbandlik yig‘imining joriy etilishi transport oqimining sezilarli kamayishiga olib keldi.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

  • the passive — ikkalasi ham shaxsni yashiradi — biri fe’l orqali, biri ot orqali
  • the fact that — the fact that = gapni ot qiladi; nominalisation = fe’lni ot qiladi
To‘liq sahifasi
there is / there are ★★☆ 2 mavjudlik — «bor, mavjud» There + is/are + noun There are several reasons why young people migrate to cities. Yoshlarning shaharga ko‘chishining bir necha sababi bor. nominalisation
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

Fe’l keyingi otga qarab moslashadi: There is a reason · There are several reasons. Boshqa zamonlar: there was / there have been / there will be.

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

Foydali, lekin haddan ortiq ishlatilgan qolip. Band 7 uchun ba’zilarini kuchliroq fe’lga almashtiring:

There are many people who think… → Many people argue that…
There is an increase in… → X has increased …

⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato

❌ There are a lot of pollution → ✅ There is a lot of pollution — pollution sanalmaydigan ot.

❌ In the graph have three lines → ✅ There are three lines.

Namunalar

  • There are several reasons why young people migrate to cities. Yoshlarning shaharga ko‘chishining bir necha sababi bor.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

  • nominalisation — there is + ot o‘rniga otni ega qiling — matn kuchliroq bo‘ladi
To‘liq sahifasi