Grammar bank · Grammatika bazasi

116 grammar patterns for IELTS — meaning, where it attaches, examples and the near-synonyms you keep mixing up.

Qanday ishlatiladi: bitta grammatikani qidirsangiz — yuqoridagi qidiruvdan yozing. Bir-biriga o‘xshash grammatikalarni solishtirish uchun “Ma’nosi bo‘yicha” ko‘rinishiga o‘ting: bir xil ma’noli barcha shakllar (masalan, hamma sabab grammatikalari) yonma-yon turadi. Har qatordagi “Batafsil” ni bosing — namunalar, farqi va tez-tez qilinadigan xatolar ochiladi.
Ko‘rinish
Turi bo‘yicha Ma’nosi bo‘yicha (sinonimlar)
Band daraja
Band 5 5 Band 5.5 15 Band 6 25 Band 6.5 31 Band 7 22 Band 7.5+ 18
Ma’no guruhi
Sabab — Cause 2 Natija — Result & consequence 3 Qarama-qarshilik — Contrast 5 Qarshi qo‘yish — Concession 3 Shart — Condition 8 Vaqt va ketma-ketlik — Time & sequence 15 Maqsad — Purpose 3 Qiyoslash — Comparison 7 O‘zgarish va tendensiya — Trend & change 2 Daraja va miqdor — Degree & quantity 10 Ehtiyotkor fikr — Hedging 5 Ta’kid — Emphasis 5 Misol keltirish — Exemplification 1 Umumlashtirish — Summarising 1 Ishora va o‘rin bosish — Reference 3 Sanash va qo‘shish — Listing & addition 4 Taxmin — Speculation 3 Majburiyat va ruxsat — Obligation 7 Imkoniyat — Possibility & ability 1 Ko‘chirma gap — Reported speech 2 Baho va munosabat — Attitude 1 Gap bo‘lagi — Sentence element 25
Grammatik turi
Zamonlar — Tenses & aspect 14 Modal fe’llar — Modals 12 Ergash gaplar — Clauses 12 Shart gaplar — Conditionals 11 Majhul nisbat va nominalizatsiya — Passive 8 Artikl va aniqlovchilar — Articles & determiners 11 Predloglar — Prepositions 11 Qiyoslash shakllari — Comparison 9 Fe’l qoliplari — Gerunds & infinitives 8 Bog‘lash vositalari — Linking & cohesion 12 Murakkab tuzilmalar — Advanced structures 8
8 / 116 shown Filtrlarni tozalash

Majhul nisbat va nominalizatsiya — Passive

8 ta
Grammatika Daraja Ma’nosi Qo‘shilishi Namuna O‘xshashlari
the passive ★★★ 3 majhul nisbat — «... qilinadi, qilindi» (bajaruvchi aytilmaydi) S + be + V3 (+ by …) Stricter regulations were introduced after the accident. Baxtsiz hodisadan keyin qattiqroq qoidalar joriy etildi. the process passive (Task 1) modal + passive nominalisation
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

be ning kerakli zamondagi shakli + 3-shakl: is built · was built · has been built · is being built · will be built. Bajaruvchi muhim bo‘lsagina by qo‘shiladi.

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

Nima uchun IELTS uni yaxshi ko‘radi: akademik yozuvda ish muhim, kim qilgani emas. People built the bridge in 1990 → The bridge was built in 1990.

⚠️ Butun inshoni passive’da yozmang — matn og‘ir va noaniq bo‘ladi. Har xatboshida 1-2 ta yetadi.

⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato

❌ The problem is discuss in this essay → ✅ is discussed.

❌ be ni tushirib qoldirish: The report published last year («hisobot nashr qildi») → ✅ The report was published last year.

Namunalar

  • Stricter regulations were introduced after the accident. Baxtsiz hodisadan keyin qattiqroq qoidalar joriy etildi.
  • The beans are harvested, dried and then transported to the factory. Doni yig‘iladi, quritiladi va so‘ng zavodga tashiladi.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

To‘liq sahifasi
the process passive (Task 1) ★★☆ 4 jarayon diagrammasi tili — «avval ... qilinadi, so‘ng ... qilinadi» First, X is + V3. Then it is + V3. Once the glass has been sorted, it is melted at high temperature. Shisha saralanganidan so‘ng, u yuqori haroratda eritiladi. the passive the tense of the chart (Task 1)
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

present simple passive + ketma-ketlik ravishlari: First · Next · Then · After that · Subsequently · Finally. Bir xil egani takrorlamaslik uchun it va which ishlating.

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

Process diagram (Task 1) uchun tayyor tuzilma — bu turdagi topshiriq deyarli butunlay shu qolipdan iborat:

First, raw materials are collected. They are then crushed and washed, after which the mixture is heated to 200°C. Finally, the product is packaged for distribution.

⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato

❌ They collect the materials, then they crush them… — «they» kim? Jarayonda bajaruvchi noma’lum, shuning uchun passive kerak.

Namunalar

  • Once the glass has been sorted, it is melted at high temperature. Shisha saralanganidan so‘ng, u yuqori haroratda eritiladi.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

To‘liq sahifasi
have / get something done ★☆☆ 5 birovga qildirish — «... qildirmoq» S + have/get + object + V3 Many companies have their products manufactured overseas. Ko‘p kompaniyalar mahsulotini chet elda ishlab chiqartiradi. make / let / have (causative)
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

have (neytral) yoki get (og‘zakiroq) + ot + 3-shakl: have a house built, get the car repaired. Ega ishni o‘zi bajarmaydi — boshqaga qildiradi.

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

Speaking’da juda tabiiy: I had my documents translated. Writing’da esa xizmatlar haqida gapirganda: Wealthier families have their children tutored privately.

⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato

❌ I repaired my laptop — bu «o‘zim ta’mirladim» degani. Ustaga bergan bo‘lsangiz: ✅ I had my laptop repaired.

Namunalar

  • Many companies have their products manufactured overseas. Ko‘p kompaniyalar mahsulotini chet elda ishlab chiqartiradi.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

To‘liq sahifasi
make / let / have (causative) ★★☆ 4 majburlash va ruxsat — «majbur qilmoq, ruxsat bermoq» make/let/have + somebody + V (yalang‘och) Some countries make voting compulsory for all adult citizens. Ba’zi mamlakatlar barcha voyaga yetgan fuqarolar uchun ovoz berishni majburiy qiladi. have / get something done must / have to
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

make / let / have + odam + yalang‘och fe’l (❌ make him to study). Ammo allow va force to oladi: allow him to study. Majhul shaklda make ham to oladi: be made to pay.

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

Task 2 da bahsli mavzu (majburiy ta’lim, majburiy harbiy xizmat) haqida yozganda kerak bo‘ladi. Rasmiyroq muqobillar: compel, oblige, require somebody to, permit.

⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato

❌ Schools should make students to wear uniforms → ✅ make students wear uniforms.

Namunalar

  • Some countries make voting compulsory for all adult citizens. Ba’zi mamlakatlar barcha voyaga yetgan fuqarolar uchun ovoz berishni majburiy qiladi.
  • Parents should let children choose at least some of their activities. Ota-onalar bolalarga hech bo‘lmaganda ba’zi mashg‘ulotlarni tanlashga ruxsat berishi kerak.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

To‘liq sahifasi
nominalisation ★★☆ 6 otlashtirish — fe’lni otga aylantirib, akademik uslub yasash verb → noun (decide → the decision) The introduction of congestion charges led to a marked reduction in traffic. Tirbandlik yig‘imining joriy etilishi transport oqimining sezilarli kamayishiga olib keldi. the passive the fact that
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

Fe’l yoki sifatni otga aylantiring va uni gapning egasi qiling: The government decided to cut spending, which affected schools. → The government’s decision to cut spending had a significant impact on schools.

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

Akademik uslubning eng ko‘zga ko‘rinadigan belgisi. Ko‘p ishlatiladigan juftlar: decide → decision · grow → growth · reduce → reduction · consume → consumption · pollute → pollution · unemployed → unemployment.

Foydasi ikki karra: matn zichlashadi va gapni ot bilan boshlash imkonini beradi — The rapid expansion of cities has placed enormous pressure on infrastructure.

⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato

❌ Haddan tashqari otlashtirish gapni o‘qib bo‘lmas qiladi: The implementation of the reduction of the utilisation of… — bitta gapda 1-2 ta ot yetarli.

Namunalar

  • The introduction of congestion charges led to a marked reduction in traffic. Tirbandlik yig‘imining joriy etilishi transport oqimining sezilarli kamayishiga olib keldi.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

  • the passive — ikkalasi ham shaxsni yashiradi — biri fe’l orqali, biri ot orqali
  • the fact that — the fact that = gapni ot qiladi; nominalisation = fe’lni ot qiladi
To‘liq sahifasi
there is / there are ★★☆ 2 mavjudlik — «bor, mavjud» There + is/are + noun There are several reasons why young people migrate to cities. Yoshlarning shaharga ko‘chishining bir necha sababi bor. nominalisation
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

Fe’l keyingi otga qarab moslashadi: There is a reason · There are several reasons. Boshqa zamonlar: there was / there have been / there will be.

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

Foydali, lekin haddan ortiq ishlatilgan qolip. Band 7 uchun ba’zilarini kuchliroq fe’lga almashtiring:

There are many people who think… → Many people argue that…
There is an increase in… → X has increased …

⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato

❌ There are a lot of pollution → ✅ There is a lot of pollution — pollution sanalmaydigan ot.

❌ In the graph have three lines → ✅ There are three lines.

Namunalar

  • There are several reasons why young people migrate to cities. Yoshlarning shaharga ko‘chishining bir necha sababi bor.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

  • nominalisation — there is + ot o‘rniga otni ega qiling — matn kuchliroq bo‘ladi
To‘liq sahifasi
it is + adjective + that/to ★★☆ 4 shaxssiz baho — «... ekani aniq/muhim» It is + adj + that + clause · It is + adj + to + V It is essential that governments coordinate their climate policies. Hukumatlarning iqlim siyosatini muvofiqlashtirishi zarur. it is often argued that cleft sentence (It is … that)
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

It is + sifat (clear, evident, essential, difficult, unrealistic) + that + gap, yoki + to + fe’l. Bu yerdagi it — «bu» emas, shunchaki o‘rin to‘ldiruvchi ega.

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

«Men o‘ylaymanki» ni akademik qiladi: It is evident that urbanisation has accelerated. · It is difficult to justify such spending.

Hedging bilan birlashtiring: It is arguably the most effective measure available.

⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato

❌ Is clear that… — ingliz tilida ega tushib qolmaydi, It majburiy.

Namunalar

  • It is essential that governments coordinate their climate policies. Hukumatlarning iqlim siyosatini muvofiqlashtirishi zarur.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

To‘liq sahifasi
it is often argued that ★★☆ 5 boshqalarning qarashini keltirish — «ko‘pincha aytiladiki» It is often argued/claimed that + clause It is widely assumed that economic growth automatically reduces poverty. Iqtisodiy o‘sish qashshoqlikni o‘z-o‘zidan kamaytiradi, deb keng tarqalgan fikr bor. it is said that / X is thought to it is + adjective + that/to
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

It is (often/widely/commonly) + argued / claimed / assumed / acknowledged + that + to‘liq gap.

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

Discussion inshosining kirish jumlasi uchun tayyor qolip: qarshi fikrni keltirasiz, keyin however bilan o‘z fikringizga o‘tasiz:

It is often argued that examinations are the fairest way to assess students. However, this view overlooks…

⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato

❌ Some people say that… — bu Band 5-6 ifodasi. Majhul qolipga o‘ting.

Namunalar

  • It is widely assumed that economic growth automatically reduces poverty. Iqtisodiy o‘sish qashshoqlikni o‘z-o‘zidan kamaytiradi, deb keng tarqalgan fikr bor.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

To‘liq sahifasi