future perfect
kelasi tugallangan — kelajakdagi bir vaqtga qadar tugagan bo‘ladi
Band 7.5+
Zamonlar — Tenses & aspect
Vaqt va ketma-ketlik — Time & sequence
Akademik yozma — Academic writing
Qanday yasaladi
S + will have + V3 (+ by 2030)
will have + 3-shakl. Deyarli doim by + sana bilan: by 2050, by the end of the decade.
Namunalar — Examples
By 2030, the country will have cut its emissions by half.
2030-yilga borib mamlakat chiqindilarini ikki baravar qisqartirgan bo‘ladi.
Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi
Bashoratli grafiklar (projection) uchun tayyor qolip: By 2050, the urban population will have overtaken the rural one.
⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato
❌ By 2050 the population will overtake… — noto‘g‘ri emas, lekin by bilan future perfect aniqroq va band-ballga foydaliroq.
O‘xshash shakllar va farqi
| future continuous | future continuous = davom etayotgan bo‘ladi; future perfect = tugagan bo‘ladi |
Shu ma’nodagi boshqa grammatikalar — Vaqt va ketma-ketlik — Time & sequence
present simple T1
present continuous T1
past simple T1
past continuous T3
present perfect T3
present perfect continuous T5
past perfect T4
future continuous T5
would (past habit) T5
the tense of the chart (Task 1) T3
as soon as / by the time / once T4
the process passive (Task 1) T4
Hammasini jadvalda solishtirish