a / an
noaniq artikl — «bittasi, qandaydir» (birinchi marta tilga olinganda)
Qanday yasaladi
a/an + sanaladigan ot (birlik)
Undosh tovush oldidan a, unli tovush oldidan an — harf emas, talaffuz muhim: a university (yu-), an hour (au-), an MBA (em-).
Namunalar — Examples
The chart shows a steady increase in energy consumption.
Diagramma energiya iste’molining barqaror o‘sishini ko‘rsatadi.
Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi
Sanaladigan otning birligi hech qachon artiklsiz turmaydi — yo a/an, yo the, yo this/my/each bo‘lishi shart.
Kasb va misol keltirishda: as a result, She works as an engineer.
⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato
❌ He is engineer → ✅ He is an engineer.
❌ A pollution is a problem → ✅ Pollution is a problem — sanalmaydigan otga a qo‘yilmaydi.
O‘xshash shakllar va farqi
| the | a/an = birinchi marta yoki qaysi biri muhim emas; the = ma’lum, aniq narsa |
| zero article | zero article = umumiy ma’noda ko‘plik yoki sanalmaydigan ot |
Shu ma’nodagi boshqa grammatikalar — Gap bo‘lagi — Sentence element
defining relative clause T3
non-defining relative clause T5
preposition + which T6
reduced relative clause T6
that-clause T3
the fact that T5
wh-clause T4
the passive T3
have / get something done T5
nominalisation T6
there is / there are T2
the T2
Hammasini jadvalda solishtirish