Grammar bank · Grammatika bazasi

116 grammar patterns for IELTS — meaning, where it attaches, examples and the near-synonyms you keep mixing up.

Qanday ishlatiladi: bitta grammatikani qidirsangiz — yuqoridagi qidiruvdan yozing. Bir-biriga o‘xshash grammatikalarni solishtirish uchun “Ma’nosi bo‘yicha” ko‘rinishiga o‘ting: bir xil ma’noli barcha shakllar (masalan, hamma sabab grammatikalari) yonma-yon turadi. Har qatordagi “Batafsil” ni bosing — namunalar, farqi va tez-tez qilinadigan xatolar ochiladi.
Ko‘rinish
Turi bo‘yicha Ma’nosi bo‘yicha (sinonimlar)
Band daraja
Band 5 5 Band 5.5 15 Band 6 25 Band 6.5 31 Band 7 22 Band 7.5+ 18
Ma’no guruhi
Sabab — Cause 2 Natija — Result & consequence 3 Qarama-qarshilik — Contrast 5 Qarshi qo‘yish — Concession 3 Shart — Condition 8 Vaqt va ketma-ketlik — Time & sequence 15 Maqsad — Purpose 3 Qiyoslash — Comparison 7 O‘zgarish va tendensiya — Trend & change 2 Daraja va miqdor — Degree & quantity 10 Ehtiyotkor fikr — Hedging 5 Ta’kid — Emphasis 5 Misol keltirish — Exemplification 1 Umumlashtirish — Summarising 1 Ishora va o‘rin bosish — Reference 3 Sanash va qo‘shish — Listing & addition 4 Taxmin — Speculation 3 Majburiyat va ruxsat — Obligation 7 Imkoniyat — Possibility & ability 1 Ko‘chirma gap — Reported speech 2 Baho va munosabat — Attitude 1 Gap bo‘lagi — Sentence element 25
Grammatik turi
Zamonlar — Tenses & aspect 14 Modal fe’llar — Modals 12 Ergash gaplar — Clauses 12 Shart gaplar — Conditionals 11 Majhul nisbat va nominalizatsiya — Passive 8 Artikl va aniqlovchilar — Articles & determiners 11 Predloglar — Prepositions 11 Qiyoslash shakllari — Comparison 9 Fe’l qoliplari — Gerunds & infinitives 8 Bog‘lash vositalari — Linking & cohesion 12 Murakkab tuzilmalar — Advanced structures 8
8 / 116 shown Filtrlarni tozalash

Fe’l qoliplari — Gerunds & infinitives

8 ta
Grammatika Daraja Ma’nosi Qo‘shilishi Namuna O‘xshashlari
verb + -ing (gerund) ★★★ 3 -ing oladigan fe’llar — «... ishni qilishni» verb + V-ing Governments should avoid relying on a single source of energy. Hukumatlar bitta energiya manbaiga tayanishdan qochishi kerak. verb + to-infinitive preposition + -ing
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

Shu fe’llardan keyin doim -ing: avoid, suggest, involve, consider, risk, deny, admit, recommend, practise, mind, enjoy, keep, finish, delay.

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

Task 2 uchun eng kerakli uchtasi: involve (The solution involves reducing subsidies), suggest (Research suggests investing earlier), avoid (to avoid causing further damage).

⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato

❌ I suggest to build more schools → ✅ I suggest building more schools yoki ✅ I suggest that the government build more schools.

Namunalar

  • Governments should avoid relying on a single source of energy. Hukumatlar bitta energiya manbaiga tayanishdan qochishi kerak.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

To‘liq sahifasi
verb + to-infinitive ★★★ 3 to + fe’l oladigan fe’llar — «... qilishga» verb + to + V Many countries have failed to meet their emissions targets. Ko‘p mamlakatlar chiqindilar bo‘yicha maqsadlarini bajara olmadi. verb + -ing (gerund) verb + object + to-infinitive
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

Shu fe’llardan keyin doim to + fe’l: aim, tend, fail, manage, decide, hope, expect, refuse, agree, offer, seem, appear, afford, learn.

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

Akademik yozuvda eng foydalilari: tend to (hedging), fail to (Policies that fail to address the root cause…), aim to (This essay aims to examine…).

⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato

❌ They decided building a new line → ✅ decided to build · ❌ manage doing → ✅ manage to do.

Namunalar

  • Many countries have failed to meet their emissions targets. Ko‘p mamlakatlar chiqindilar bo‘yicha maqsadlarini bajara olmadi.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

To‘liq sahifasi
verb + object + to-infinitive ★★☆ 4 birovga nimadir qildirish — «... ni ... qilishga undamoq» verb + somebody + to + V Free public transport would encourage commuters to leave their cars at home. Bepul jamoat transporti qatnovchilarni mashinasini uyda qoldirishga undardi. verb + to-infinitive make / let / have (causative)
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

encourage / allow / enable / persuade / force / require / advise / expect / want + to‘ldiruvchi + to + fe’l: encourage people to recycle. ⚠️ make va let bu qolipga kirmaydi — ular to siz.

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

Task 2 yechim jumlalarining asosiy qolipi: Tax incentives would encourage companies to invest in cleaner technology and enable households to reduce their bills.

⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato

❌ allow to students to choose → ✅ allow students to choose · ❌ suggest me to study → ✅ advise me to study (suggest bu qolipni olmaydi).

Namunalar

  • Free public transport would encourage commuters to leave their cars at home. Bepul jamoat transporti qatnovchilarni mashinasini uyda qoldirishga undardi.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

To‘liq sahifasi
stop / remember / regret + -ing or to ★☆☆ 5 ma’no o‘zgaradigan juftlar — shakl ma’noni o‘zgartiradi verb + V-ing / verb + to + V The company stopped using single-use plastics in 2020. Kompaniya 2020-yilda bir martalik plastikdan foydalanishni to‘xtatdi. verb + -ing (gerund)
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

stop doing = ishni tugatdi · stop to do = boshqa ish uchun to‘xtadi
remember doing = qilganini eslaydi · remember to do = qilishni unutmadi
regret doing = qilganidan afsus · regret to say = afsus bilan xabar bermoq

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

Listening Section 3-4 da bu farq to‘g‘ridan-to‘g‘ri javobni hal qiladi: He stopped smoking (tashladi) va He stopped to smoke (chekish uchun to‘xtadi) — butunlay boshqa ma’no.

⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato

❌ I stopped to use plastic bags (agar «tashladim» demoqchi bo‘lsangiz) → ✅ I stopped using plastic bags.

Namunalar

  • The company stopped using single-use plastics in 2020. Kompaniya 2020-yilda bir martalik plastikdan foydalanishni to‘xtatdi.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

To‘liq sahifasi
-ing as subject ★★☆ 4 -ing shakli ega o‘rnida — «... qilish (foydali)» V-ing + verb (singular) Encouraging cycling has proved cheaper than expanding the road network. Velosipedni rag‘batlantirish yo‘l tarmog‘ini kengaytirishdan arzonroq bo‘lib chiqdi. it is + adjective + that/to nominalisation
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

-ing birikmasi ega bo‘lganda fe’l birlikda: Investing in education is the most effective strategy. Muqobil: To invest in education is… (rasmiyroq, kamroq tabiiy).

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

Gapni fe’ldan boshlash — insho jumlalarini xilma-xil qilishning oson yo‘li. Ketma-ket uchta gap The government… bilan boshlansa, bittasini shunga aylantiring.

⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato

❌ Reduce emissions is essential → ✅ Reducing emissions is essential.

❌ Building new roads are expensive → ✅ is expensive — ega birlik.

Namunalar

  • Encouraging cycling has proved cheaper than expanding the road network. Velosipedni rag‘batlantirish yo‘l tarmog‘ini kengaytirishdan arzonroq bo‘lib chiqdi.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

To‘liq sahifasi
there is no point in -ing ★☆☆ 5 foydasizlik — «... qilishning ma’nosi yo‘q» There is no point in + V-ing It is worth noting that the trend reversed after 2012. Shuni ta’kidlash joizki, tendensiya 2012-yildan keyin teskari o‘zgardi. preposition + -ing
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

There is no point in + -ing. Shu oiladagi boshqalar: It is worth + -ing · It is no use + -ing · have difficulty (in) + -ing · spend time + -ing.

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

Qarshi dalilni rad etishning ixcham yo‘li: There is little point in building more roads if public transport remains unreliable. no o‘rniga little qo‘ysangiz — yumshoqroq va akademikroq.

⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato

❌ It is worth to invest → ✅ It is worth investing.

Namunalar

  • It is worth noting that the trend reversed after 2012. Shuni ta’kidlash joizki, tendensiya 2012-yildan keyin teskari o‘zgardi.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

To‘liq sahifasi
in order to / so as to ★★★ 4 maqsad — «... qilish uchun» in order to + V · so as to + V Many governments subsidise renewables in order to cut their dependence on imports. Ko‘p hukumatlar importga qaramlikni kamaytirish uchun qayta tiklanuvchi energiyani subsidiyalaydi. so that / in order that
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

to + fe’l (eng oddiy) · in order to + fe’l (rasmiy) · so as to + fe’l (rasmiy). Inkor shakli faqat uzun variantlarda: in order not to / so as not to (❌ not to yolg‘iz).

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

Ega bir xil bo‘lsa — in order to; ega o‘zgarsa — so that + gap. Bu ikkisini to‘g‘ri tanlash Band 7 belgisi:

The city introduced a toll in order to reduce traffic. (bir ega)
The city introduced a toll so that residents could breathe cleaner air. (ega o‘zgardi)

⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato

❌ for reduce congestion / ❌ for reducing congestion (maqsad ma’nosida) → ✅ to reduce congestion.

Namunalar

  • Many governments subsidise renewables in order to cut their dependence on imports. Ko‘p hukumatlar importga qaramlikni kamaytirish uchun qayta tiklanuvchi energiyani subsidiyalaydi.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

To‘liq sahifasi
it takes + time + to ★☆☆ 4 vaqt yoki resurs talab qilish — «... uchun ... kerak bo‘ladi» It takes + (somebody) + time + to + V It takes decades to restore a forest that was cleared in a single season. Bir mavsumda kesilgan o‘rmonni tiklash uchun o‘nlab yil kerak bo‘ladi. it is + adjective + that/to
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

It takes (+ odam) + vaqt/resurs + to + fe’l: It takes years to build a reliable network. O‘tmish: It took …

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

Yechimning «tez emas» ekanini aytish uchun qulay — muvozanatli xulosa yozishda foydali: It takes considerable time and investment to change established habits.

Namunalar

  • It takes decades to restore a forest that was cleared in a single season. Bir mavsumda kesilgan o‘rmonni tiklash uchun o‘nlab yil kerak bo‘ladi.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

To‘liq sahifasi