Grammar bank · Grammatika bazasi

116 grammar patterns for IELTS — meaning, where it attaches, examples and the near-synonyms you keep mixing up.

Qanday ishlatiladi: bitta grammatikani qidirsangiz — yuqoridagi qidiruvdan yozing. Bir-biriga o‘xshash grammatikalarni solishtirish uchun “Ma’nosi bo‘yicha” ko‘rinishiga o‘ting: bir xil ma’noli barcha shakllar (masalan, hamma sabab grammatikalari) yonma-yon turadi. Har qatordagi “Batafsil” ni bosing — namunalar, farqi va tez-tez qilinadigan xatolar ochiladi.
Ko‘rinish
Turi bo‘yicha Ma’nosi bo‘yicha (sinonimlar)
Band daraja
Band 5 5 Band 5.5 15 Band 6 25 Band 6.5 31 Band 7 22 Band 7.5+ 18
Ma’no guruhi
Sabab — Cause 2 Natija — Result & consequence 3 Qarama-qarshilik — Contrast 5 Qarshi qo‘yish — Concession 3 Shart — Condition 8 Vaqt va ketma-ketlik — Time & sequence 15 Maqsad — Purpose 3 Qiyoslash — Comparison 7 O‘zgarish va tendensiya — Trend & change 2 Daraja va miqdor — Degree & quantity 10 Ehtiyotkor fikr — Hedging 5 Ta’kid — Emphasis 5 Misol keltirish — Exemplification 1 Umumlashtirish — Summarising 1 Ishora va o‘rin bosish — Reference 3 Sanash va qo‘shish — Listing & addition 4 Taxmin — Speculation 3 Majburiyat va ruxsat — Obligation 7 Imkoniyat — Possibility & ability 1 Ko‘chirma gap — Reported speech 2 Baho va munosabat — Attitude 1 Gap bo‘lagi — Sentence element 25
Grammatik turi
Zamonlar — Tenses & aspect 14 Modal fe’llar — Modals 12 Ergash gaplar — Clauses 12 Shart gaplar — Conditionals 11 Majhul nisbat va nominalizatsiya — Passive 8 Artikl va aniqlovchilar — Articles & determiners 11 Predloglar — Prepositions 11 Qiyoslash shakllari — Comparison 9 Fe’l qoliplari — Gerunds & infinitives 8 Bog‘lash vositalari — Linking & cohesion 12 Murakkab tuzilmalar — Advanced structures 8
7 / 116 shown Filtrlarni tozalash

Murakkab tuzilmalar — Advanced structures

7 ta
Grammatika Daraja Ma’nosi Qo‘shilishi Namuna O‘xshashlari
inversion ★☆☆ 6 teskari tartib — ta’kid uchun ega va yordamchi fe’l o‘rin almashadi Negative adverb + auxiliary + S + V Not only does recycling reduce waste, but it also creates local employment. Qayta ishlash nafaqat chiqindini kamaytiradi, balki mahalliy ish o‘rinlari ham yaratadi. not only … but also cleft sentence (It is … that) if it were not for
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

Inkor yoki cheklov ma’nosidagi ravish gap boshiga chiqsa, so‘roq tartibi keladi: Rarely / Seldom / Never / Not only / Little / Under no circumstances / Only when / No sooner + do/does/did/has/is + ega + fe’l.

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

Ta’sirchan, lekin xavfli. Bir inshoda bittadan ko‘p ishlatmang va faqat haqiqatan ta’kid kerak bo‘lgan joyda:

Rarely has a single technology transformed daily life so rapidly.
Only when governments act together will emissions fall.

⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato

❌ Never I have seen… → ✅ Never have I seen… — yordamchi fe’l egadan OLDIN turadi.

Namunalar

  • Not only does recycling reduce waste, but it also creates local employment. Qayta ishlash nafaqat chiqindini kamaytiradi, balki mahalliy ish o‘rinlari ham yaratadi.
  • Under no circumstances should safety standards be relaxed. Hech qanday holatda xavfsizlik standartlari yumshatilmasligi kerak.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

To‘liq sahifasi
cleft sentence (It is … that) ★☆☆ 6 ajratma gap — bir bo‘lakni ajratib ta’kidlaydi It is X that/who + V · What … is … It is the lack of enforcement, rather than the law itself, that causes the problem. Muammoni qonunning o‘zi emas, balki uning ijro etilmasligi keltirib chiqaradi. inversion it is + adjective + that/to
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

Ikki shakl: It is + ta’kidlanayotgan bo‘lak + that/who + qolgan gap · What + gap + is + ta’kid. Governments must act → It is governments that must act / What governments must do is act.

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

Xulosada asosiy fikringizni ta’kidlash uchun juda mos: What is needed is not more legislation but stricter enforcement.

⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato

❌ What is needed are stricter rules → rasmiy yozuvda ✅ is (What = birlik).

Namunalar

  • It is the lack of enforcement, rather than the law itself, that causes the problem. Muammoni qonunning o‘zi emas, balki uning ijro etilmasligi keltirib chiqaradi.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

To‘liq sahifasi
participle clause ★★☆ 6 ravishdosh oboroti — «... qilib; ... bo‘lgani uchun» V-ing/V3 + …, S + V Given the rising cost of housing, many young people continue to live with their parents. Uy-joy narxining oshib borishini hisobga olsak, ko‘p yoshlar ota-onasi bilan yashashda davom etmoqda. reduced relative clause because / since / as
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

Aniq nisbat: -ing (Having considered both views, …) · Majhul: V3 (Faced with rising costs, firms …). ⚠️ Ega bir xil bo‘lishi shart — aks holda «dangling participle» xatosi chiqadi.

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

Ikki gapni bittaga siqadi va matnni akademik qiladi:

Because the government had reduced subsidies, prices rose. → Having reduced subsidies, the government saw prices rise.

Sabab ma’nosida: Given the scale of the problem, … — bu tayyor va juda ishonchli qolip.

⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato

❌ Walking into the room, the lights were on. — chiroqlar yurmaydi! ✅ Walking into the room, I saw that the lights were on.

Namunalar

  • Given the rising cost of housing, many young people continue to live with their parents. Uy-joy narxining oshib borishini hisobga olsak, ko‘p yoshlar ota-onasi bilan yashashda davom etmoqda.
  • Having examined both sides, this essay argues that the benefits are greater. Ikkala tomonni ko‘rib chiqqach, ushbu insho foyda ko‘proq degan fikrni ilgari suradi.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

To‘liq sahifasi
the subjunctive (It is essential that …) ★☆☆ 6 buyruq maylining rasmiy shakli — «... bo‘lishi shart» It is essential that + S + V (yalang‘och) It is imperative that action be taken before the situation deteriorates further. Vaziyat yanada yomonlashishidan oldin chora ko‘rilishi shart. should / ought to it is + adjective + that/to
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

essential / vital / imperative / crucial yoki recommend / suggest / demand / insist dan keyin that + ega + yalang‘och fe’l — -s ham, should ham yo‘q: It is essential that every school have a library. (Britaniya uslubida should have ham to‘g‘ri.)

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

Eng rasmiy tavsiya shakli. Agar ishonchingiz komil bo‘lmasa, xavfsiz varianti — should qo‘shish: It is vital that governments should act. Ikkalasi ham qabul qilinadi.

⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato

❌ The committee recommended that he goes → ✅ recommended that he go (yoki should go).

Namunalar

  • It is imperative that action be taken before the situation deteriorates further. Vaziyat yanada yomonlashishidan oldin chora ko‘rilishi shart.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

To‘liq sahifasi
emphatic do ★☆☆ 6 ta’kidlovchi do — «haqiqatan ham ... qiladi» S + do/does/did + V (yalang‘och) Stricter penalties do deter some offenders, but they do not address the root cause. Qattiqroq jazolar ba’zi huquqbuzarlarni qaytaradi, biroq ular asosiy sababni hal qilmaydi. cleft sentence (It is … that) admittedly
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

Tasdiq gapga do/does/did qo‘shiladi va asosiy fe’l yalang‘och qoladi: Technology does offer real benefits.

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

Qarshi tomonni tan olib, keyin o‘z fikringizga qaytish uchun juda mos: Online learning does provide flexibility; however, it cannot replicate classroom interaction. — bu «muvozanatli fikr» taassurotini beradi.

⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato

❌ It does offers → ✅ It does offer.

Namunalar

  • Stricter penalties do deter some offenders, but they do not address the root cause. Qattiqroq jazolar ba’zi huquqbuzarlarni qaytaradi, biroq ular asosiy sababni hal qilmaydi.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

To‘liq sahifasi
far from being ★☆☆ 6 kutilganning aksi — «... bo‘lish o‘rniga, aksincha» Far from + V-ing, S + V Far from reducing inequality, the reform widened the gap between rich and poor. Tengsizlikni kamaytirish o‘rniga, islohot boy va kambag‘al orasidagi tafovutni kengaytirdi. participle clause in contrast / on the other hand
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

Far from + -ing (yoki ot), keyin vergul va asosiy gap: Far from solving the problem, this policy made it worse.

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

Kuchli rad etish qolipi — qarshi fikrni faqat inkor qilibgina qolmay, uni teskarisiga aylantiradi. Xulosada yoki eng kuchli dalilingizda bir marta ishlating.

Namunalar

  • Far from reducing inequality, the reform widened the gap between rich and poor. Tengsizlikni kamaytirish o‘rniga, islohot boy va kambag‘al orasidagi tafovutni kengaytirdi.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

To‘liq sahifasi
whereby / thereby ★☆☆ 6 vosita va natija — «shu orqali; shu yo‘l bilan» …, thereby + V-ing · a system whereby + clause Governments could introduce a system whereby households are rewarded for recycling. Hukumatlar xonadonlar qayta ishlash uchun rag‘batlantiriladigan tizim joriy qilishi mumkin. therefore / consequently participle clause
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

thereby + -ing — natijani qo‘shadi (…, thereby reducing costs) · whereby = «unga ko‘ra» — tizim yoki tartibni tavsiflaydi (a scheme whereby firms pay for emissions).

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

thereby + -ing ikkinchi gapni boshlamasdan natijani qo‘shadi — juda zich va akademik: Congestion charges discourage driving, thereby improving air quality.

⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato

❌ thereby it reduces costs → ✅ thereby reducing costs — thereby dan keyin -ing.

Namunalar

  • Governments could introduce a system whereby households are rewarded for recycling. Hukumatlar xonadonlar qayta ishlash uchun rag‘batlantiriladigan tizim joriy qilishi mumkin.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

To‘liq sahifasi