Grammar bank · Grammatika bazasi

116 grammar patterns for IELTS — meaning, where it attaches, examples and the near-synonyms you keep mixing up.

Qanday ishlatiladi: bitta grammatikani qidirsangiz — yuqoridagi qidiruvdan yozing. Bir-biriga o‘xshash grammatikalarni solishtirish uchun “Ma’nosi bo‘yicha” ko‘rinishiga o‘ting: bir xil ma’noli barcha shakllar (masalan, hamma sabab grammatikalari) yonma-yon turadi. Har qatordagi “Batafsil” ni bosing — namunalar, farqi va tez-tez qilinadigan xatolar ochiladi.
Ko‘rinish
Turi bo‘yicha Ma’nosi bo‘yicha (sinonimlar)
Band daraja
Band 5 5 Band 5.5 15 Band 6 25 Band 6.5 31 Band 7 22 Band 7.5+ 18
Ma’no guruhi
Sabab — Cause 2 Natija — Result & consequence 3 Qarama-qarshilik — Contrast 5 Qarshi qo‘yish — Concession 3 Shart — Condition 8 Vaqt va ketma-ketlik — Time & sequence 15 Maqsad — Purpose 3 Qiyoslash — Comparison 7 O‘zgarish va tendensiya — Trend & change 2 Daraja va miqdor — Degree & quantity 10 Ehtiyotkor fikr — Hedging 5 Ta’kid — Emphasis 5 Misol keltirish — Exemplification 1 Umumlashtirish — Summarising 1 Ishora va o‘rin bosish — Reference 3 Sanash va qo‘shish — Listing & addition 4 Taxmin — Speculation 3 Majburiyat va ruxsat — Obligation 7 Imkoniyat — Possibility & ability 1 Ko‘chirma gap — Reported speech 2 Baho va munosabat — Attitude 1 Gap bo‘lagi — Sentence element 25
Grammatik turi
Zamonlar — Tenses & aspect 14 Modal fe’llar — Modals 12 Ergash gaplar — Clauses 12 Shart gaplar — Conditionals 11 Majhul nisbat va nominalizatsiya — Passive 8 Artikl va aniqlovchilar — Articles & determiners 11 Predloglar — Prepositions 11 Qiyoslash shakllari — Comparison 9 Fe’l qoliplari — Gerunds & infinitives 8 Bog‘lash vositalari — Linking & cohesion 12 Murakkab tuzilmalar — Advanced structures 8
8 / 116 shown Filtrlarni tozalash

Gap bo‘lagi — Sentence element

8 ta
Grammatika Daraja Ma’nosi Qo‘shilishi Namuna O‘xshashlari
defining relative clause ★★★ 3 aniqlovchi ergash gap — qaysi narsa haqida ketayotganini belgilaydi noun + who/which/that + verb Countries which invest in education tend to grow faster. Ta’limga sarmoya kiritadigan davlatlar tezroq rivojlanishga moyil. non-defining relative clause reduced relative clause
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

Odam → who (yoki that) · narsa → which yoki that · egalik → whose. Vergul qo‘yilmaydi. Agar who/which to‘ldiruvchi bo‘lsa, tushirib qoldirsa ham bo‘ladi: the skills (that) employers value.

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

Ergash gapsiz ikkita qisqa gap bo‘lardi; u bilan bitta murakkab gap chiqadi — Grammatical Range aynan shuni izlaydi:

Students who take a gap year often return more motivated.

⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato

❌ Students who they take a gap year → ✅ Students who take… — who ning o‘zi ega, ikkinchi olmosh keraksiz.

❌ People which live in cities → ✅ People who live in cities.

Namunalar

  • Countries which invest in education tend to grow faster. Ta’limga sarmoya kiritadigan davlatlar tezroq rivojlanishga moyil.
  • The graph shows the number of people who used public transport. Grafik jamoat transportidan foydalangan odamlar sonini ko‘rsatadi.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

To‘liq sahifasi
that-clause ★★★ 3 to‘ldiruvchi ergash gap — «... ligini/ekanligini» verb/adjective + that + clause Research suggests that early intervention produces the best results. Tadqiqotlar shuni ko‘rsatadiki, erta aralashuv eng yaxshi natija beradi. the fact that wh-clause
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

that + to‘liq gap. Ba’zi fe’llardan keyin tushib qolishi mumkin (I think (that) …), lekin akademik yozuvda saqlang. Sifatlardan keyin ham keladi: it is clear that…

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

Fikr bildirishning asosiy quroli. Xilma-xillik uchun boshqa fe’llarga o‘ting: argue / maintain / suggest / demonstrate / indicate that. I think that ni butun insho bo‘yi takrorlamang.

⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato

❌ I agree with that education is important. → ✅ I agree that education is important. — agree that, agree with + ot.

Namunalar

  • Research suggests that early intervention produces the best results. Tadqiqotlar shuni ko‘rsatadiki, erta aralashuv eng yaxshi natija beradi.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

  • the fact that — the fact that = shu gapni OT sifatida ishlatadi (ega bo‘la oladi)
  • wh-clause — wh-clause = qanday/nima/nega degan savolni ichiga oladi
To‘liq sahifasi
the passive ★★★ 3 majhul nisbat — «... qilinadi, qilindi» (bajaruvchi aytilmaydi) S + be + V3 (+ by …) Stricter regulations were introduced after the accident. Baxtsiz hodisadan keyin qattiqroq qoidalar joriy etildi. the process passive (Task 1) modal + passive nominalisation
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

be ning kerakli zamondagi shakli + 3-shakl: is built · was built · has been built · is being built · will be built. Bajaruvchi muhim bo‘lsagina by qo‘shiladi.

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

Nima uchun IELTS uni yaxshi ko‘radi: akademik yozuvda ish muhim, kim qilgani emas. People built the bridge in 1990 → The bridge was built in 1990.

⚠️ Butun inshoni passive’da yozmang — matn og‘ir va noaniq bo‘ladi. Har xatboshida 1-2 ta yetadi.

⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato

❌ The problem is discuss in this essay → ✅ is discussed.

❌ be ni tushirib qoldirish: The report published last year («hisobot nashr qildi») → ✅ The report was published last year.

Namunalar

  • Stricter regulations were introduced after the accident. Baxtsiz hodisadan keyin qattiqroq qoidalar joriy etildi.
  • The beans are harvested, dried and then transported to the factory. Doni yig‘iladi, quritiladi va so‘ng zavodga tashiladi.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

To‘liq sahifasi
zero article ★★★ 3 artiklsiz shakl — umumiy, turdosh ma’no ∅ + ko‘plik ot / sanalmaydigan ot Governments should invest more in renewable energy. Hukumatlar qayta tiklanuvchi energiyaga ko‘proq sarmoya kiritishi kerak. the uncountable nouns
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

Artikl qo‘yilmaydi: umumiy ma’nodagi ko‘plik (Cars pollute…), sanalmaydigan otlar (water, information, advice, research), mavhum tushunchalar (education, technology, poverty), ko‘pchilik mamlakat nomlari (Uzbekistan, lekin the USA, the UK, the Netherlands).

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

Task 2 da umumlashtirishning to‘g‘ri yo‘li shu. Uch xil umumlashtirish bor, lekin eng xavfsizi — artiklsiz ko‘plik:

✅ Cars are a major source of pollution. (eng tabiiy)
✅ The car is a major source of pollution. (rasmiy, ilmiy)
⚠️ A car is a major source of pollution. (kamdan-kam)

⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato

❌ The technology has changed the society → ✅ Technology has changed society.

❌ I have many informations → ✅ much information.

Namunalar

  • Governments should invest more in renewable energy. Hukumatlar qayta tiklanuvchi energiyaga ko‘proq sarmoya kiritishi kerak.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

  • the — artiklsiz = umumiy tur; the = aniq, ma’lum narsa
  • uncountable nouns — sanalmaydigan otlar deyarli doim artiklsiz keladi
To‘liq sahifasi
subject-verb agreement ★★★ 3 ega bilan kesimning moslashuvi — birlikmi yoki ko‘plikmi S(singular) + V(s) · S(plural) + V The percentage of adults working from home has tripled since 2019. Uydan ishlaydigan kattalar ulushi 2019-yildan beri uch baravar oshdi. uncountable nouns all / every / each
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

Fe’l bosh otga moslashadi, oradagi so‘zlarga emas: The number of students is rising (number = birlik) vs A number of students are waiting (= «bir necha»). Each, every, everyone, neither → birlik.

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

Uzun ega bilan yozganda eng ko‘p sodir bo‘ladigan xato. Yozgandan keyin tekshiring: egadan predlogli qismni o‘chirib o‘qing — The impact (of rising temperatures on coastal cities) is…

⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato

❌ The number of cars have increased → ✅ The number of cars has increased.

❌ Everyone know that… → ✅ Everyone knows that…

Namunalar

  • The percentage of adults working from home has tripled since 2019. Uydan ishlaydigan kattalar ulushi 2019-yildan beri uch baravar oshdi.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

To‘liq sahifasi
preposition + -ing ★★★ 3 predlogdan keyingi fe’l — doim -ing shaklida preposition + V-ing By raising fuel taxes, the government hopes to discourage unnecessary journeys. Yoqilg‘i solig‘ini oshirish orqali hukumat keraksiz safarlarni kamaytirmoqchi. verb + -ing (gerund) verb + preposition
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

Har qanday predlogdan keyin fe’l -ing bo‘ladi: instead of building · by investing · after graduating · without considering · capable of solving. ⚠️ to ba’zan predlog: look forward to seeing, be used to living.

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

by + -ing — Task 2 yechim qismining eng ixcham qolipi: By investing in public transport, cities can cut emissions considerably.

⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato

❌ instead of to build new roads → ✅ instead of building new roads.

Namunalar

  • By raising fuel taxes, the government hopes to discourage unnecessary journeys. Yoqilg‘i solig‘ini oshirish orqali hukumat keraksiz safarlarni kamaytirmoqchi.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

To‘liq sahifasi
verb + -ing (gerund) ★★★ 3 -ing oladigan fe’llar — «... ishni qilishni» verb + V-ing Governments should avoid relying on a single source of energy. Hukumatlar bitta energiya manbaiga tayanishdan qochishi kerak. verb + to-infinitive preposition + -ing
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

Shu fe’llardan keyin doim -ing: avoid, suggest, involve, consider, risk, deny, admit, recommend, practise, mind, enjoy, keep, finish, delay.

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

Task 2 uchun eng kerakli uchtasi: involve (The solution involves reducing subsidies), suggest (Research suggests investing earlier), avoid (to avoid causing further damage).

⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato

❌ I suggest to build more schools → ✅ I suggest building more schools yoki ✅ I suggest that the government build more schools.

Namunalar

  • Governments should avoid relying on a single source of energy. Hukumatlar bitta energiya manbaiga tayanishdan qochishi kerak.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

To‘liq sahifasi
verb + to-infinitive ★★★ 3 to + fe’l oladigan fe’llar — «... qilishga» verb + to + V Many countries have failed to meet their emissions targets. Ko‘p mamlakatlar chiqindilar bo‘yicha maqsadlarini bajara olmadi. verb + -ing (gerund) verb + object + to-infinitive
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar

Shakl qoidasi

Shu fe’llardan keyin doim to + fe’l: aim, tend, fail, manage, decide, hope, expect, refuse, agree, offer, seem, appear, afford, learn.

Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi

Akademik yozuvda eng foydalilari: tend to (hedging), fail to (Policies that fail to address the root cause…), aim to (This essay aims to examine…).

⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato

❌ They decided building a new line → ✅ decided to build · ❌ manage doing → ✅ manage to do.

Namunalar

  • Many countries have failed to meet their emissions targets. Ko‘p mamlakatlar chiqindilar bo‘yicha maqsadlarini bajara olmadi.

O‘xshashlaridan farqi

To‘liq sahifasi